Week 1

Question 1

Central Nervous System

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord

Question 2

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 2

All other nerve cells in the body, including the somatic and autonomic nervous systems

Question 3

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 3

Responsible for less voluntary actions or behaviours i.e. controlling heart rate

Question 4

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 4

Responsible for voluntary behaviours i.e. reaching for an object

Question 5

Behaviour

Answer 5

Anything that an organism does that involves action or response to a stimulus

Question 6

Monism

Answer 6

• The idea that there is only one underlying reality, either the body or the mind, so consciousness can arise from purely physical processes
• Body and mind are intrinsically intertwined

Question 7

Dualism

Answer 7

• The mind and the body are separate entities
• Mental processes cannot be explained by biological developments alone
• Difference between mental processes i.e. thoughts and feelings and biological processes i.e. brain waves and transmitters

Question 8

Human Consciousness

Answer 8

Our awareness of our thoughts, feelings, memories, reason and perception

Question 9

Neuron

Answer 9

-Cells that receive, integrate and transmit information
- They operate through electrical impulses, communicate with other neurons through chemical signals and form neural networks

Question 10

Sensory/Affluent Neuron

Answer 10

-Detect info/ sensory messages and carry them towards the central nervous system
- Can be activated by physical i.e. sound, touch, heat or chemical i.e. taste, smell inputs that correspond with all five senses
-Some respond to stimuli that originate within the body i.e. inflammation/ blood pressure

Question 11

Homeostasis

Answer 11

The self regulation of physical systems that are necessary for survival

Question 12

Somatosensory Nerves

Answer 12

Provide info from skin and muscles

Question 13

Motor Neurons

Answer 13

-Carry messages away from the CNS to muscles, organs or glands of the body to control their functioning
- Can result in voluntary/ involuntary movements

Question 14

Upper MN’s

Answer 14

Originate from cerebral cortex

Question 15

Lower MN’s

Answer 15

Located in brainstem and spinal cord

Question 16

Interneurons

Answer 16

-Act as relay stations facilitating communication between sensory and motor neurons
- Make up bulk of neurons in the brain

Question 17

Reflexes

Answer 17

Automatic motor responses

Question 18

Integrators

Answer 18

Brain and spinal cord

Question 19

Effectors

Answer 19

Muscle and gland cells

Question 20

Cell Body/ Soma

Answer 20

• Largest part
  -Contains nucleus (chromosome/DNA)
  -Contains most of the machinery that controls metabolism or maintenance of cell
  Receives messages from other cells through dendrites

Question 21

Dendrites

Answer 21

Short branchlike appendages that detect chemical signals from neighboring neurons

Question 22

Axon

Answer 22

-A long, slender tube that carries info away from the soma toward the cell to which the neuron is communicating
- The basic message that the axon carries is called action potential

Question 23

Action Potential

Answer 23

The electrical signal that passes along the axon and subsequently causes the release of chemicals from the terminal buttons

Question 24

Terminal Buttons

Answer 24

• Knob-like structures at the ends of axons.
• When nerve impulses reach these terminal buttons, they will secrete a chemical substance known as a neurotransmitter

Question 25

Synapse

Answer 25

The gap between the terminal buttons of a "sending" neuron and the dendrites of a "receiving" neuron, where chemical communication occurs between the neurons

Question 26

Membrane

Answer 26

-A fatty barrier that does not dissolve in watery environment inside and outside the neuron. - Is selectively permeable i.e. some items can move in/out and others cannot

Question 27

Ion Channels

Answer 27

- Specialised pores that allow ions pass in/out of a cell when the neuron transmits signal down the axon