Week 1 Flashcards
disease
Pathological condition of body parts or tissues characterized by identifiable groups of signs or symptoms
Infectious disease
Disease caused by infectious agents (bacteria, virus, protozoan, fungus) and can be passed to others
Three aspects of the epi triangle / causal model
Host, agent, environment
Epi triangle: host
Individual who an agent produces disease in,
Host traits influence risk of exposure, susceptibility, and response
Epi triangle: the agent
Factor whose presence or absence can cause disease
Epi triangle: environment
All external conditions and influences affecting life of living things
Science is
A PROCESS involving the use of OBSERVATIONS and EXPERIMENTS to draw CONCLUSIONS based on EVIDENCE
What are the types of evidence
Anecdotal and scientific
Anecdotal vs scientific evidence
Anecdotal
- personal obs and exp
- not tested
-few data
- unverified
Scientific
- systematic obs and exp
- hypo is testable and falsifiable
- many data
- data statistically analyzed
- peer review
- scientific journal
- supported by further experimentation
What are the seven steps of the scientific process
- Make observation
- Identify problem
- Research problem
- Develop hypothesis
- Design experiment
- Collect and analyze results
- Construct conclusion
A hypothesis must be
Testable and falsifiable
What does it mean for a hypothesis to be testable
Hypo can be subjected to experiments or observational studies which can support or reject it
What does it mean for a hypothesis to be falsifiable
Hypo can be ruled out by data that shows it does not explain observation
What are the three types of variables
Independent, dependent, control
What is an independent variable
Variable which is changed, altered or manipulated in experiment
What is a dependent variable
Variable that is measured in experiment, changes based on the alteration of the independent variable
What is a control variable
Variable which is held constant during experiment
What is epidemiology
Study of disease and other health related events in populations
What are the two types epi analyses
Descriptive and analytic
What is descriptive in epi
Examine the distribution of disease in a population and observe basic features of this distribution
What is analytic in epi
Testing a hypothesis on the cause of a disease by studying exposure - outcome relationship
Types of analytic study design
Cross-sectional
Case-control
Cohort
Clinical trial
What is measures of association
- key to epi analysis
-Quantifies relationship between exposure and outcome among 2 groups
-measures correlation not causation
Two measures of association
Relative risk
- cohort or clinical trial
-(a/(a+b))/(c/(c+d))
Odds ratio
- ad/bc
