Week 1 Flashcards
Multiprogramming
- Run multiple application at the same time
- Protecting them from one another and sharing the CPU between them
Hierarchical File System
Store data on disk persistently organized in a tree structure
Plug and Play Devices
Software that allows external devices to interact with applications
Virtual Memory
Store multiple applications in memory at the same time
Graphical User Interface
- Allows users to develop, run, and interact with new applications.
- Good user interface allows operating systems to evolve from office machiens into machines usable by home users
Operating Systems (OS)
-A piece of software that is layered between applications and hardware, allowing multiple applications to share the same physical machine resources and gain access to external devices
Time-Sharing
The ability to share one physical compute resource among multiple applications.
Linux
An open-source operating system commonly used on both home and
server machines. Linux is closely modelled after its predecessor Unix
Unix
A well-known operating system developed by Bell Labs that has many
of the features used in modern operating systems, such as time-sharing, a Shell, and a hierarchical file system.
Ubuntu
A popular distribution of Linux that is considered easy to install and
easily usable by the non-expert
Virtualization
A method for dividing up physical compute resources into logical separate units usable by different users. The most common example is running multiple operating systems that share one physical machine.
Embedded Operating System
An operating system for small devices like sensor networks, or specialized hardware used in airplanes, home appliances, and other mobile devices.
Vagrant
A software that automates the process of installation of virtual machines.
Virtual Machine
A piece of software that emulates a physical machine, but is actually an application running on an existing operating system
Host OS
The operating system that runs on the actual hardware
Guest OS
The operating system that runs in the virtual machine.
Virtual Box
An open-source software that enables us to run virtual machines
Code Repository
A service that stores multiple versions of code, either in the cloud or locally on a server machine.
Version control
The ability to manage and change across multiple versions of digital content, typically software
Git
An open-source popular version control software.
Pull (from code repository/Git)
Getting a version of software from a code repository
Push (from code repository/Git)
Pushing locally committed software changes into a codoe repo
Merge (in git repository)
Pulling in changes from a code repository and combining the changes with local changes, before pushing the combined
What are the physical hardware in an OS?
Motherboard/GPU/external devices like mouse or keyboard
What parts of the computer are part of the Operating System?
The kernel, compilers, editors, and shell
What is the point of having an operating system?
It allows applications/user to iteract with the the underlying hardware
What are system call APIs?
Commands that the user/code will use to make contact with the underlying system/OS
What is a process?
A program in execution
What is an Init Process?
The first process started up when you boot up the computer
What is the system processes?
Other processes when your computer is booted. SSH server for log in
What PID will the child get if fork is called in the parent?
0
How to execuate a command with exec with bin/ls?
exec(“/bin/ls”)
Explain the wait(&status) command
Wait is called and the parent pauses, status stores the termination return value of a child and once its status is returned the parent process resumes
Explain exit(int status)
0 means exit success
1 means exit failure
Better to have #define EXIT_SUCCESS = 0
and have exit(EXIT_SUCCESS) instead
Explain the kill(pid, sig) execution
Kill will send a signal(sig) to the process ID (pid)
Sig can be SIGKIL which will forcefully end a process or the default which is gracefully end a process
What happens when a process is killed?
All of its resources and memory location is freed
