Week 1 Flashcards
What are the characteristics of living things?
- Reproduce on their own
- Harness and consume energy
- Grow and develop
- Capable of homeostasis (maintain stable internal environment, like temp regulation)
- Detect and respond to stimuli
- Exhibit order (molecules in organisms interact in reliable patterns)
- Evolve
What is the name of species that turn light/chemical energy into food?
Autotrophs
What is the name of species that eat other organisms and produce waste as a byproduct?
Heterotrophs
What is an organelle?
A membranous compartment within a cell with a specified function (ex: vacuoles, ribosomes, nucleus). Note: ribosomes are not membranous.
What are the three domains of life?
Archaea, bacteria, eukarya. Archaea and bacteria are both prokaryotes, eukarya are eukaryotes.
What are prokaryotes?
Don’t have nuclei or membrane-bound organelles
What are eukaryotes?
Have nuclei and other membrane bound organelles.
ex: animals, fungi, plants, protist (parasitic worm), amoebae (single called, no cell wall)
What are archaea?
Extremophiles, live in extreme environments like super salty lakes.
What are examples of bacteria?
Ex: e.coli, staphylococcus, gut bacteria, cyanobacteria
What does the cell membrane do?
Regulates transport in and out of the cell. Lets in food and lets out waste.
What do ribosomes do?
They synthesize proteins. They float around in the cell, or are connected together using the endoplasmic reticulum.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
It’s the site of protein synthesis.
What does the cell wall do?
Maintains structure of cell and protects the cell. Rigid covering outside cell wall.
What does the nucleus do?
Stores the dna; it replicates for cell division
What does the vesicle do?
It transports proteins in the cell
What do lysosomes do?
Degrade cellular material. “Garbage disposal units”
What do mitochondria do?
Powers the cell.
What is cytoplasm?
The interior of the cell. Includes cytasol (the sloshy bit) and organelles.
What do Golgi bodies do?
Packs modified proteins.
What is the nucleoid?
The region in a bacterial cell consisting of DNA and proteins.
What is the flagella?
The tail; some bacterial cells have it to swim. Some eukaryotes also have it apparently.
What do vacuoles do?
Help with regulating water concentration in the cell.
