week 1 Flashcards
Systolic pressure
Exerted when blood is ejected from ventricles (high)
Diastolic pressure
•Sustained pressure when ventricles relax (lower)
Cardiac Output (CO)
Amount of blood (volume of blood in litres) the heart ejects each minute
Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR)
Peripheral resistance increased by factors that increase blood viscosity or reduce the lumen size
Ejection Fraction
how much of the blood in the left ventricle is ejected with each contraction
stroke volume
The amount of blood ejected from each ventricle with each contraction
CO =
CO= HR x SV
Threshold for Diagnosis in Diabetes (HTN)
A mean SBP ≥130 mmHg and/or DBP ≥80 mmHg.
Home BP threshold for diagnosis (HTN)
SBP >135 mmHg or DBP >85 mmHg should be considered elevated and associated with increased overall mortality risk.
Essential Hypertension (Primary)
•Idiopathic (No known cause)
•Most Common Type
•In general, the B/P is consistently above 140/90 however diagnosis is dependent upon the method of assessment and if client has co-morbidities
•Secondary Hypertension
When a clear cause can be identified like renal disease or pregnancy (Renal, Endocrine)
Malignant or resistant hypertension
•Uncontrollable, severe, and rapidly progressive form with many complications; Diastolic pressure is also high.
•Results in organ damage
Systolic Hypertension
•A consistently elevated systolic pressure of 140mmHg or higher with a diastolic 90 mmHg or lower
•Causes a rise in pulse pressure
•Systolic rise – favor the development of LV hypertrophy, Increase myocardial demands, LVF
•Often occurs with aging; loss of arterial elasticity
Risk factors for hypertension are:
- diabetes mellitus;
- chronic kidney disease
- low level of consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables
- sedentary behaviour
target organ damage HTN
kidneys, eyes, heart, blood vessels
