week 1 Flashcards
What are the 4 main components to physical assessment
Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation
physical assessment types
initial: often on admission/ sets baseline
problem-focused: to determine the nature of a problem
ongoing: compare patients current status with the baseline
Emergency: identify life threatening issues
physical assessment developmental considerations
physical (growth), psychosocial, cognitive, behavioural
-environment
-education/status
gender
age
ethnicity
religion
(ensure safe environment):privacy cleanliness
what are some musculoskeletal conditions
Joints (e.g. sprains, strains, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout)
Bones (e.g. osteoporosis, osteopenia, fractures)
Muscles(e.g. sarcopenia)
Multiple body areas/systems (regional back pain, fibromyalgia, systemic lupus erythematosus)
Difference between sprain and stain
stain: Overstretching or tearing of muscles or tendons.
Most common =calf, groin, hamstring and lower back.
Symptoms include:
Muscle spasm
Pain around the affected joint
Swelling
Limited flexibility
Difficulty using the joint’s full range of motion
sprain:Overstretching or tearing of ligament/s.
Most common joint = ankle
Symptoms include:
Bruising
Pain around the affected joint
Swelling/oedema
Limited flexibility
what is R.I.C.E and what does it help
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
for sprain and strains
what is Osteoarthritis and what is its symptoms
Non-Inflammatory Degenerative disease.
Most commonly occurring form of arthritis.
Leading cause of pain and disability in older adults.
Begins with main load bearing joints – hips, knees.
Inflammation of the joints often secondary to physical damage.
Cartilage becomes weak, rough, eroded and no longer protects the surface of the bone.
Symptoms (localised joint pain, paraesthesia of affected limb extremities, decreased ROM of affected joints, enlarged joints)
what is Rheumatoid Arthritis and symtomps
Autoimmune and systemic Inflammatory condition.
Affects joints and surrounding tissue.
Inflammation leads to thickening and eventual fibrosis of the joints – resulting in decreased ROM.
Common areas = hands.
Symptoms (heat, redness, swelling, pain on ROM of affected joints, fatigue, low grade fever, anorexia and weight loss)
management of osteoarthritis
Physical activity
Weight management
Joint replacement surgery (most common condition leading to hip and knee replacement surgery).
Medication – pain management (paracetamol,
management of rheumatoid Arthritis
physical activity
weight management
Medication (e.g. methotrexate)
Stress reduction
Physiotherapy
Massage
Surgery
impact of musculoskeletal conditions
Loss of function (e.g. immobility or reduced/ impaired mobility, impaired posture or gait, reduced range of movement [ROM]).
Loss of independence (inability to perform all of the activities of daily living).
Chronic pain
Financial (Reduced ability to work; ongoing medical & treatment costs)
Psychological - Depression (4 times more common in people with chronic pain)
Social – isolation, inability to contribute to society
percussion is
tapping fingers or hand against persons body to dectect organs
inspection is
visual examination of the body comparing the symmetry of body
palpation is
using the flat of the hand and fingers to detect palpable organs, abnormal masses, or tenderness
Auscultation is
using stethoscope to hear body sounds
