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Computer Programming > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

It is defined as the process of creating computer software using a programming language. These are usually written by human individuals or programmers.

A

Computer Programming

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2
Q

It is a step by step set of instructions that a computer has to work through in a logical sequence in order to carry out a particular task. The computer computer executes these instructions (obey the instructions) when told to do so by the user.

A

Computer Program

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3
Q

These are the vocabulary and set of grammatical rules for instructing a computer to perform specific tasks. There are many different types of programming languages each having a unique set of keywords (words that it understands) and a special syntax (grammar) for organising program instructions

A

Programming Languages

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4
Q

Refers to the spelling and grammar of a
programming language.

A

Syntax

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5
Q

Programming languages are classified into five
major categories:

A

Machine languages [first generation languages]
Assembly languages [Second generation languages]
Third generation
Fourth Generation
Natural Languages

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6
Q

These are usually refered to low level languages

A

Machine and Assembly Languages

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7
Q

These are usually referred to as high level languages

A

Third generation, fourth generation and natural languages

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8
Q

This type of language is machine dependent, that is written to run on one particular computer.

A

Low level languages

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9
Q

This type of level language is machine independent, meaning it can run on many different types of computer.

A

High level languages.

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10
Q

What are the two types of low level languages?

A

Machine language and Assembly Languages.

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11
Q

This type of language writes program using the machine code of 1s and 0s, which is directly understood by the computer.

A

Machine Language (1GL)

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12
Q

The main weakness of using this language is, it is very easy to make a mistake, and very hard to find once you realize you’ve made a mistake.

A

Machine Language. (1GL)

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of Machine Language (1GL)

A

Fastest to execute because it is already in the language that the computer can understand

Difficult to interpret (requires the aid of a reference manual to interpret the meaning of each code)

Easy to make mistakes in the sequence of 1s and 0s;

It is difficult to identify mistakes made

Time consuming and tedious to write.

Machine dependent

Programing becomes more diffcult as the complexity of the program increases

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14
Q

This type of language is written using mnemonic codes (abbreviated english words) or short codes that suggest their meaning and are therefore eaasier to remember. These codes represent operations, addresses that relate to main memory, and storage registers of the computer. Typical codes might be: LDA, STO, ADD, NOP, etc.

A

Assembly Language - Second Generation Language (2GL)

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of Assembly Language (2GL)

A

As with machine language, assembly language is machine dependent.

Assembly language, being machine dependent is faster and more efficient in the use of hrdware than high-level programming languages.

Assembly languages have to be translated into machine language by language translators known as assemblers for the processor to understand.

Easier to write than machine languag

The code is not very easy to understand, hence the introduction of high level programming language

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16
Q

This type of language is defined as one that is machine independent and uses variables and objects, Boolean expressions, functions, loops, arrays, threads, locks which are similar to their meaning (abstractions)

A

High-level programming language.

17
Q

What are characteristics of high-level languages

A

Machine independent hence portable

User friendly and easy to learn

Easy to debug

More flexible hence they enhance the creativity of the programmer, increasing productivity

Executed much slower than low-level programming languages

They have to be translated into machine code before execution, this is done by compilers and Assemblers.

One instructions translates into several machine code.

18
Q

These are programs that convert high level languages into machine codes

A

Assemblers and Compilers.

18
Q

This is an entire problem that converts the entire source code(compiles it) into machine language at one time before the computer can run the program at a later time. While compiling the source code into machine code it checks thata the syntax is properly written by the programmer for the programmer to debug the program.

A

Compiler

19
Q

These are programs that translates the high level program code one statement at a time, that is, it reads a code statement, converts it to one or more machine language instructions, and then executes the instructions before moving trasnslating the next code statement in the program. If there is any error in the statement, the programmer can correct the error before the interpreter evaluates the next statement.

It is slower than compilers because it has to convert a statement at a time and runs it before moving to the next line.

A

Interpreter

20
Q

This type of programming language model is organized around objects and data.

A

Object Oriented Programming

21
Q

What are some high level programming languages used?

A

FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslator) developed in the late 1950s developed to design scientific applications

COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language)
developed in the early 1960s to develop business applications

RPG (Report Program Generator) was developed in early 1960s to assist in generating reports and complex calculations.

BASIC(Beginner’s All-purpose symbolic instruction code) developed in mid 1960s Basic versions include MS-BASIC, QBASIC, SmallBASIC and Visual BasicPascal

Pascal developed in the late 1960s for the purpose of teaching structured programming concepts

C developed in the early 1970s to write system software

Ada was developed in the late 1970s originally developed to meet te needs of embedded computer systems

C++ developed in the 1980s is an obejct-oriented language mainly to develop application software

Note that in addition to the major languages discussed above, there are many other programming languages that have been developed such as JavaScript and Phyton

22
Q

These are system programs that convert assembly language and high-level language into the machine language.

The computer does not understand assembly languages or high-level languages Computer work in machine code or machine language

A

Language translators

23
Q

It is a program code of either an assembly language or high-level language that the programmers write in a program editor. It cannot be understood by the computer, until it has been translated into machine code.

A

Source code

24
Q

It is a program code in machine-readable form( a source program that has been translated)

A

Object code

25
Q

It is a program that translate assembly-language program into machine code. It recognizes character strings that make up the symbolic names of the various machine operations, and substitutes the required machine code for each instruction

A

Assemblers

26
Q

It is a language translator that translate high-level languages into machine code

It translates the entire program into machine code, and then the code is executed. The translated codes are known as object codes and are saved as a file on disk. The object code (machine code ) stored on a disk has an EXE file name extension. It is then loaded or linked (stored in memory) and executed)

A

Compilers

27
Q

During the development program there are several stages, which has several steeps which lead to the solution of the problem

A

Program Development Life Cycle

27
Q

These are language translators that translate high-level language into machine code. IT translates and executes one instructions at a time as it is encountered. The machine codes are not saved after execution

A

Interpreters

28
Q

What are the continuous process that consist of 5-6 general steps?

A
  1. Analyse Problem
  2. Design Program
  3. Code Program
  4. Test Program
  5. Formalise Program
  6. Maintain Program

Computer Programming (1 decks)

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