Week 1 Flashcards
Statistics
branch of science that collects, organizes and analyses data
Statistical methods
allow us to collect/analyse data and draw meaning from it
descriptive statistics
describe data (mean, median, mode)
organise, summarise and communicate numerical information
Inferential statistics
make interferences
analytical statistics are the same as inferential statistics
Z-scores, P-values, cohen’s d
representative sample data to draw conclusions about population
Variable
measured characteristic that takes on different values
parameter
numerical measruement describing a characteristic of a population
Statistic
numerical measurment describing a characteristic of a sample
Population
collection of all possible members of a defined group
Sample
set of observations drawn from a subset of population of interest
Data types
categorical (qualitative)
Numerical (quantitative)
- discrete, continuous
Discrete data
variables that can only take specific values
Continuous data
variables that can take on a full range of values
Levels of measurement for types of data
NOIR
Nominal (least amount of detail, only categorised)
Ordinal (data can be categorised and ranked)
Interval (data can be categorised, ranked and evenly spaced)
Ratio (most amount of detail, can be categorised, ranked, evenly spaces, has a natural zero)
Independent variable (IVS)
variable that you are manipulating/changing or categorising
Dependent Variables (DVS)
outcome information
Confounding variable
variable that you did not account for in your experimental design which could impact the outcome of the study
Reliable measure
consistent
Valid measure
measures what it was intended to measure
Hypothesis
idea that is tested based on evidence available
Null Hypothesis
opposite of hypothesis, which as researchers we want to nullify
Experimental design
studies in which participants are randomly assigned to a condition or level of one or more independent variables
quasi-experimental design
like an experiment but participants are not randomly allocated to groups
experiments
able to make causal statments
between groups designs or within groups designs
