Week 1

Question 1

Statistics

Answer 1

branch of science that collects, organizes and analyses data

Question 2

Statistical methods

Answer 2

allow us to collect/analyse data and draw meaning from it

Question 3

descriptive statistics

Answer 3

describe data (mean, median, mode)
organise, summarise and communicate numerical information

Question 4

Inferential statistics

Answer 4

make interferences
analytical statistics are the same as inferential statistics
Z-scores, P-values, cohen’s d
representative sample data to draw conclusions about population

Question 5

Variable

Answer 5

measured characteristic that takes on different values

Question 6

parameter

Answer 6

numerical measruement describing a characteristic of a population

Question 7

Statistic

Answer 7

numerical measurment describing a characteristic of a sample

Question 8

Population

Answer 8

collection of all possible members of a defined group

Question 9

Sample

Answer 9

set of observations drawn from a subset of population of interest

Question 10

Data types

Answer 10

categorical (qualitative)
Numerical (quantitative)
- discrete, continuous

Question 11

Discrete data

Answer 11

variables that can only take specific values

Question 12

Continuous data

Answer 12

variables that can take on a full range of values

Question 13

Levels of measurement for types of data

Answer 13

NOIR
Nominal (least amount of detail, only categorised)
Ordinal (data can be categorised and ranked)
Interval (data can be categorised, ranked and evenly spaced)
Ratio (most amount of detail, can be categorised, ranked, evenly spaces, has a natural zero)

Question 14

Independent variable (IVS)

Answer 14

variable that you are manipulating/changing or categorising

Question 15

Dependent Variables (DVS)

Answer 15

outcome information

Question 16

Confounding variable

Answer 16

variable that you did not account for in your experimental design which could impact the outcome of the study

Question 17

Reliable measure

Answer 17

consistent

Question 18

Valid measure

Answer 18

measures what it was intended to measure

Question 19

Hypothesis

Answer 19

idea that is tested based on evidence available

Question 20

Null Hypothesis

Answer 20

opposite of hypothesis, which as researchers we want to nullify

Question 21

Experimental design

Answer 21

studies in which participants are randomly assigned to a condition or level of one or more independent variables

Question 22

quasi-experimental design

Answer 22

like an experiment but participants are not randomly allocated to groups

Question 23

experiments

Answer 23

able to make causal statments

between groups designs or within groups designs