Week 1

Question 1

James-Lange theory

Answer 1

Emotions are triggered by awareness of body changes and interpretation of those changes in response to events

Question 1

Emotional triad

Answer 1

Motor expressions, physiological responses, action tendencies

Question 2

Action tendency

Answer 2

What do we /want/ to do based on our evaluation of an event

Question 3

Actual behavioural consequences of emotion

Answer 3

Actually running, fighting etc.

Question 4

Emotions are, compared to moods…

Answer 4

Dynamic, involving interrelated changes across subsystems responding to salient events

Question 5

Moods are, compared to emotions…

Answer 5

More static, longer duration, not tied to specific events, of more diffuse origin, lower intensity

Question 6

Hebb and Thompson (1979)

Answer 6

Significance of animal studies for social psychology; humans exhibit most pronounced emotional responses among all animals; contradicts ideas of humans being primarily rational beings

Question 7

Darwin

Answer 7

Emotions serve functional purpose for organisms, helps in preparing adaptive behaviour and regulating social interactions

Question 8

Evolutionary continuity of emotional expression across species

Answer 8

Parallels between humans and chimpanzees facial expressions

Question 9

Latency period

Answer 9

Period of time between confrontation with stimulus and actual action, to further evaluate situation and choose most appropriate behaviour

Question 10

Hot cognition

Answer 10

Emotional reactions help prioritise relevant information

Question 11

Valence

Answer 11

Scale of intrinsic evaluation of particular emotion (unpleasant -> pleasant, not painful -> painful)

Question 12

Schachter-Singer theory

Answer 12

Peripheral theory, focusing on cognitive perspective on emotional arousal; Differs from other peripheral theories because it suggests emotional experiences result from interplay between (1) heightened non-specific arousal (= sympathetic arousal) and (2) cognitive interpretations of situation, providing “steering function” based on past experiences

Question 13

Schachter-Singer methodology

Answer 13

injection of adrenaline + exposure to varying information about drug’s effect; expectation was that participants who could attribute effects to drug would not look further, and ones that ignored side effects would be looking for ways to explain their arousal; also confederate who was acting very euphoric

Question 14

Appraisal theory

Answer 14

Emphasises the evaluation of situations and relevance to individual goals and values

Question 15

Primary appraisal (Lazarus, 1966)

Answer 15

Pleasantness of event + alignment with personal goals

Question 16

Secondary appraisal (Lazarus, 1966)

Answer 16

Individual’s ability to cope with event’s consequences

Question 17

Proprioception

Answer 17

Capacity of internal organs to provide sensory information about changes in body

Question 18

Proprioceptive feedback

Answer 18

Changes in one internal system upon detecting changes in another system