Week 1 Flashcards
What is nomenclature and how is it important? (3)
How we pick and choose names for things or people
How we label things impacts the study of health and the mind because words can have severe consequences and serve as barriers to treatment
Changing the language we use to neutral, medically accurate terms can reduce stigma and have positive impacts on treatment and life
What is the difference between the words substance abuser and substance use disorder?
It is proven that, in the CJS, these labels impact how they are treated based on how it shifts responsibility and comes with stigma/assumptions about who people are and what they deserve, which impacts how we treat them and help them
What are the two types of stigma? What is the effect?
Public reactions from the general population to a certain group
Self-stigma, the tendency to internalize stigma and see oneself in more negative terms as a result of experiencing a psychological problem
Profound harmful effects come from being stigmatized because there are many different pathways to addiction and everyone is at some level of risk, stigma helps no one
What is addiction? (3)
The tendency to persist with an appetitive or rewarding behavior that produces pleasure states and desire, despite mounting negative consequences that outweigh the more positive effects
Includes loss of control
Negative consequences include preoccupation and compulsive engagement with the behavior, impairment of behavioral control, persistence with or relapse to the behavior, and craving and irritability in the absence of the behavior
Is addiction a continuum of use? (2)
Addiction is not binary, meaning you either have a problem or you don’t, but a continuum with many possible paths and levels of addiction
For example, experimental/recreational use to casual or situational use to intensive to compulsive to addiction
How did the DSM 4 Classify Addiction?
Either as substance abuse, where a drug is used in a manner that does not conform to social norms and is a precursor to substance dependence, which is more severe
How is substance abuse classified in the DSM 4? (HELP)
Someone who has drug use in Hazardous situations, neglecting External obligations, Legal problems, interpersonal Problems related to persistent drug use
How is substance dependence classified in the DSM 4? (7)
3 of 7 of the following symptoms over 12 months:
Tolerance
Withdrawal
Taken in larger amounts or a longer period than intended
Great deal of time spent in activities concerning the substance
Important social, occupational or recreational activities are given up or reduced
Use continued despite knowledge of having a persistent problem that is caused by the susbtance
How did addiction change in the DSM 5? (4)
2 categories from DSM4 combined into substance related and addictive disorders
The distinction was not helpful or useful as it did not provide guidance for treatment, didn’t cover those between categories and made abuse out to be less important
Also had Substance Use Disorder, where each specific substance is addressed as a separate use disorder
Nearly all substances are diagnosed on the same overarching criteria
What is the overarching DSM 5 criteria for SUDs? (11)
At least two of the following in a 12-month period
Taking in larger amount or for longer than intended
Wanting to cut down or stop using but not managing to
Spending a lot of time getting/using/recovering substances
Cravings
Not meeting major work/home/school obligations
Continuing to use even when it causes interpersonal problems
Giving up social/rec activities
Recurrent use in physically hazardous situations
Continued use even when you have a problem cause or worsened by use
Tolerance
Withdrawal
Describe prevalence of SUDs in Canada (2)
Numbers don’t shift that much unless something drastic in society happens
There are valid and reliable measures of symptoms of addiction that can reliably predict affliction and/or possible addiction
What is the overpathologizing of every day life? (4)
Studies show that the rate of publications on addiction is going up increasingly, which studies including Argentine tango, bubble tea, and studying
People are taking the addiction criteria (which are overarching and broad) and applying them to all sorts of behaviors without the research to back them up and acknowledging that bubble tea and alcohol are NOT the same
You already consider the target behavior an addiction, create a screening instrument and establish biopsychosocial correlates with new a behavioral addiction
Using this logic, anything can be classified as an addiction
What are the 6 components of the components model of addiction? (SMTWCR)
Salience (activity becomes the most important dominant activity in that persons life)
Mood modification (activity used to change one’s feelings/mood)
Tolerance (need increasingly more substance to achieve the same effects)
Withdrawal symptoms (unpleasant feelings/effects when the activity is reduced or stopped)
Conflict (interpersonal conflict)
Relapse (tendency to start again after long periods of control/stopping)
What are the two main reasons behind the overpathologizing of addiction?
The Components Model of Addiction
Analogistic reasoning in research
How is analogistic reasoning applied to the study of addiction? (3)
You compare two different behaviors to gain insights or understanding
You recognize and focus on similarities between known behaviors and lesser known behaviors
You make assumptions about the less known behaviors based on what we know about the known ones
