week 1

Question 1

empiricism

Answer 1

knowledge is learned

Question 2

nativism

Answer 2

born with knowledge

Question 3

empiricism

Answer 3

knowledge comes from experience

Question 4

first cognitive experiment - who and what did it prove

Answer 4

Donders - studied reaction time and showed that mental processes are not instantaneous

Question 5

what were the 2 key parts of introspection

Answer 5

structuralism and functionalism

Question 6

how do your eyes move

Answer 6

jumps (saccades) and periods of stability (fixations)

Question 7

behaviourism

Answer 7

quantifiable and observable behaviour eg. skinner, stimulus and response

Question 8

what are some downfalls of behaviourism?

Answer 8

conditioning doesnt explain everything, language is generative, cannot be accounted for by a stimulus/response/reward

Question 9

what can cognition be compared to ?

Answer 9

computers - representation/process

Question 10

who presented work on short term memory

Answer 10

miller

Question 11

explain the independent variable

Answer 11

what the experimenter manipulates

Question 12

explain the dependent variable

Answer 12

what the experimenter measures

Question 13

confounding variable?

Answer 13

variable that correlates with IV

Question 14

low-intensity neuron _ firing

Answer 14

slow firing

Question 15

Excitatory neurotransmitters?

Answer 15

increases chance neuron will fire

Question 16

inhibitory neurotransmitters

Answer 16

decreases chance neuron will fire

Question 17

front of brain

Answer 17

anterior

Question 18

back of brain

Answer 18

posterior

Question 19

reasoning, planning emotional part of brain

Answer 19

frontal lobe

Question 20

hearing and memory part of brain

Answer 20

temporal lobe

Question 21

perceptions of touch, pressure, temperature, pain

Answer 21

parietal lobe

Question 22

vision

Answer 22

occipital

Question 23

Two key principles of cortical functioning

Answer 23

Contralateral, Hemispheric Specialization

Question 24

contralateral functioning?

Answer 24

structure or function on one side of the brain is related to or controls the opposite side of the body.

Question 25

hemispheric functioning

Answer 25

unique roles of the two hemispheres of the brain eg. left language right spatial abilities

Question 26

limitations of lesion studies?

Answer 26

challenging to attribute changes to specific areas, individual differences,

Question 27

single cell electrical recording limitation

Answer 27

animal studies, cant look at language, narrow brain function

Question 28

Event related potentials (ERP’s) ? and limitations?

Answer 28

Electrical activity recorded with sensors on scalp, Good temporal resolution bad spatial resolution

Question 29

PET

Answer 29

Measurement of cerebral blood
flow (correlated with neural activity)
Injected with radioactive oxygen that is concentrated in areas that consume more blood

Question 30

pet limitations ?

Answer 30

spatial good temporal bad

Question 31

fMRI?

Answer 31

Measurement of cerebral blood flow - areas of greatest oxygen usage. spatial good, temporal bad (worse than pet)

Question 32

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

Answer 32

creating virtual lesions, a very strong and direct magnetic field to a region of cortex

Question 33

explain key points of Herman Ebbinghaus’ study

Answer 33

learned info forgotten over time, repeated lists of 13 nonsense syllables, memory drops rapidly first 2 days then learning levels out

Question 34

paying attention to one thing involves withdrawing from other things? who said this

Answer 34

william james (principles of psychology)

Question 35

Rat exploring maze, revealing cognition and a maze layout in the rat’s mind - behaviour inferring mental processes (who did this)

Answer 35

edward chase tolman

Question 36

scientific revolution as a shift from one paradigm to another

Answer 36

thomas kuhn

Question 37

who created the first flow diagram of the mind

Answer 37

donal broadbent (broadbent filter model)