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DHYG Theory > week 1 > Flashcards

week 1 Flashcards

topical

1
Q

FL varnish is FDA approved for

A

desensitization used off label for caries prevention

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2
Q

Neutral Sodium Flouride

A

NaF 5.0%, ph of 7.0, 22,600 ppm

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3
Q

How many months does fluoride varnish uptake for

A

5-6 months

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4
Q

Fl V is used for caries prevention on

A

children, patients with reduced saliva, demineralized areas, root exposure, and incipient caries

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5
Q

Anesthetizes the terminal nerve endings used for

A

-patient assessments as well as debridement
-disease or injury-related sensitivity
Aphthous ulcer
Cheek bite
Gingivitis
-preparation for local anesthetic injection
-suture removal
-Prevent pain or gagging during radiographs and impressions

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6
Q

Benzocaine gel

A

(20%/180mg)
Contains dye

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7
Q

Lidocaine paste (5%)

A

no dye

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8
Q

Chloraseptic liquid spray

A

(phenol 1.4)
Alcohol free
Contains red or green dye

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9
Q

Ceticaine

A

Used for swishing prior to radiographs in patients with severe gag reflex

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10
Q

Benzocaine contraindications

A

is an esther
Absorbed systemically
Allergic response possible but limited to the site of application
Red dye allergy
Patients with previous adverse reactions

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11
Q

lidocaine contraindication

A

Amide with exceptionally low incidence of allergic reactions = minimal contraindications
15 min duration for paste
Transoral patch provides 45 min relief after 15 min application period

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12
Q

ceticaine contraindication

A

swallow potential

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13
Q

chloraseptic contraindications

A

dye allergy

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14
Q

Dentinal hypersensitivity

A

Short sharp pain arising from exposed dentin in response to stimuli
80% of population affected sometime during their lifetime
Tooth retention/ increased lifespan contributing to higher incidence
Expected to continue to increase

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15
Q

Mechanisms of dentin exposure

A

Gingival recession
Loss of enamel/cementum
Attrition
Abrasion
Erosion
Abfraction
Sudden vs gradual exposure

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16
Q

Sclerosis of dentin

A

Mineral deposits within tubules due to traumatic stimuli
Results in smaller diameter tubule to transmit stimuli

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17
Q

Secondary dentin

A

Gradual deposit between pulp chamber and dentin
Insulates pulp from dentinal fluid disturbances/stimuli
Deposits increase with age creating smaller pulp chamber

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18
Q

Hydrodynamic Theory

A

The movement of fluid within dentinal tubules stimulates pulpal nerve receptors thereby causing pain
Brannstrom 1960’s
The most widely accepted theory of pain of dent hypersensitivity

19
Q

Differential diagnosis of dental caries

A

: intensified w/ stimuli and is prolonged, felt after stimuli is removed

20
Q

Differential diagnosis of pulpal pain

A

throbbing, severe, without provocation

21
Q

Differential diagnosis of chewing pain

A

pulpal pain

22
Q

Differential diagnosis of hot/cold

A

either hypersensitivity or pulpal pain

23
Q

Pain of dentin hypersensitivity will subside after stimulus is removed

A

Tactile or mechanical
Evaporative (use of suction or dry tooth)
Osmotic and chemical: sweet, salty, acidic

24
Q

desensitizing agents

A

Product that is applied directly to the surface of exposed dentin to reduce hypersensitivity

25
Q

Potassium salts

A

only agent theorized to work by depolarization
Reduce depolarization of the nerve cell membrane and transmission of nerve impulse

26
Q

fluoride as a desensitizer

A

Precipitate calcium fluoride (CaF2) crystals within the tubule to decrease lumen diameter, creating barrier to block open tubules
Oxalates
Glutaraldehyde
Calcium phosphate technology
ACPc CSP, CPP, TCP (see text)
Releases calcium phosphate ions into saliva for deposition of hydroxyapatite (remineralization)

27
Q

Dentifrices

A

5% potassium nitrate, sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride

28
Q

Gels

A

: 5000 ppm fluoride prescription product (no abrasives added)

29
Q

mouthrinse

A

0.63% stannous fluoride (stain potential)

30
Q

Action depends on type of desensitizing accents used

A

Block dental tubule entrance
Intra-tubular mineralization or stimulate to encourage the formation of secondary dentin
Interruption of nerve transmission

31
Q

review of dental caries

A

Single the most common disease of childhood
Not self limiting
Not amendable to antibiotics
Most common dental disease in U.S.

32
Q

Carries process Bacterial bases disease

A

Mutans streptococci
Streptococcus mutans
Streptococcus sobrinus
Lactobacilli
Bacteria metabolize dietary fermentable carbohydrates to produce acid
Acids diffuse into tooth structure dissolving calcium and phosphate minerals called demineralization

33
Q

Demineralization

A

1st stage in caries process
Results in greatest loss of calcium and phosphorus in subsurface zone of enamel creating white spot lesions
Acidic environment drops pH level from neutral to 5.5pH (critical pH)
Requires 30-60 min for oral environment to recover after ingestion of fermentable carbohydrates stops

34
Q

Remineralization

A

A return to neutral pH and remineralization occurs if…
Minerals are available from both saliva and precipitated out of the tooth
Presence of topical fluoride
Ongoing process of destruction and repair

35
Q

goal of caries risk assessment

A

early identifications, implement interventions

36
Q

Pre eruptive stage: systemic acquisition

A

During tooth development, available by way of the blood plasma to surrounding tissues
calcification/mineralization stage

37
Q

After calcification is complete

A

maturation stage: fluoride is absorbed into the outer layers of enamel at this time
more than was acquired in underlying areas at mineralization

38
Q

pre-eruptive: tooth calcification or mineralization stage

A

fluoride incorporates into enamel:
hydroxyapatite crystals become fluorapatite crystals
incorporated into all parts of the tooth
first permanent molars begin to mineralize @ birth
fluoride is deposited into DEJ as the tooth forms (dentin absorbs available fl rapidly, sometimes concentration is higher than that in the enamel)
excessive fluoride at this stage can cause fluorosis

39
Q

Dental Fluorosis

A

Associated with cumulative fluoride intake during enamel development
Pre-eruptive mineralization stage
Dose, duration, timing considerations
Excess fluoride inhibits normal activity of ameloblasts, resulting in defective enamel
Can range from small white spots to large brown areas

40
Q

Normal BP

A

Less than 120 and less than 80

41
Q

Elevated bp

A

120-129 and less than 80

42
Q

High BP hypertension stage 1

A

130-139

43
Q

High blood pressure stage 2

A

140 or higher or 90 or high

44
Q

Hypertensive crisis

A

Higher than 180 and more than 19

DHYG Theory (4 decks)

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