Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Two main classes of outcomes we look at

A

(1) Job performance
(2) Organisational commitment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do managers do?

A

POLC
- Planning
-Organising
-Leading
-Controlling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Planning

A

to set the direction, decide where you want to go, decide the best way to go about it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Organising

A

To create structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Leading

A

To inspire effort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Controlling

A

To ensure results, measure performance, take connective action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Core values of science

A

accuracy, objectivity, scepticism, open-mindedness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Theory (definition)

A

an integrated set of principles that specifies: how variables are related, why variables are related, under what conditions variables are related

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What defines a good theory?

A
  • a wide range of observations
  • clear predictions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hypothesis

A

Predictions derived from theory (test a theory; direct research, practical implications of theories)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Data collection methods:

A

Systematic observation
Experimental method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Systematic observation (correlational)

A

allows for the study of variables we can’t manipulate
(1) Partially: race, gender, organisation, team
(2) Ethically: sabotage, turnover

(allows us to examine the relationship between several variables at once)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

conditions for causality

A

(1) correlation between x and y
(2) x comes before y in time
(3) there are no alternative explanations for the relationship between x and y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Interpersonal skills

A
  • good people skills and excellent technical skills
  • important for managerial effectiveness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Organisation (definition)

A

a consciously coordinated social unit that functions on a relatively continuous basis and is composed of two or more people to achieve a common goal or set of goals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Manager (definition)

A

an individual that fulfils goals through other people. They direct the activities of others, allocate resources and make key decision to attain their goals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Based on the study of Henry Mintzberg, into which three categories can managers roles be grouped into?

A
  1. Interpersonal
  2. Informational
  3. Decisional
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Into which three managerial roles can interpersonal role duties be divided into? State and explain their functions.

A
  1. The figurehead role (performing symbolic and ceremonial tasks of legal or social nature)
  2. The leadership role (coordinating, directing and motivation employees)
  3. The liaison role (contacting outsiders to gather information and gain favours)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the monitor role

A

the need for managers to collect information from both external and internal sources to learn about changes in the market and what competitors may be planing

20
Q

Describe the disseminator role

A

acting as a conduit to transmit information from outside sources to organisational members

21
Q

Describe the spokesperson role

A

when managers represent and convey the organisation’s ideas and policies to outsiders

22
Q

What are the decisional roles?

A

Involves making choices
- the entrepreneur
- the disturbance handler
- the resource allocator
- the negotiator

23
Q

Describe the entrepreneur role

A

initiating and directing new projects which bring upon substantial change to improve the organisation’s performance

24
Q

Describe the negotiator role

A

when managers discuss issues and bargain with other companies to gain advantages

25
Q

Describe the disturbance handler role

A

responsible for making restorative action when the organisation faces unprecedented and important disturbances

26
Q

Describe the resource allocator role

A

managers that are responsible for the allocation of human, physical and monetary resources

27
Q

Which three categories of management skills did Robert Katz define?

A

Technical skills (ability to apply specialised knowledge/ expertise)
Human skills (ability to understand, work with and motivate people and groups)
Conceptual skills (the mental ability to analyse and diagnose complex problems)

28
Q

Organisational Behaviour (definition)

A

the field of study that researches the impact of individuals, groups and structure on the employees’ behaviour within organisations.
The findings of the research –> improve the effectiveness of the organisation.

29
Q

Systematic study

A

the process of looking at relationships, attempting to attribute causes and effects and basing conclusions on scientific evidence

30
Q

Evidence-based management (EBM)

A

approach that compliments systematic study and involves managerial decisions based on the best available scientific evidence

31
Q

What are the four OB disciplines?

A

-Psychology
-Social psychology
-Sociology
-Anthropology

32
Q

Psychology

A

explanation of behaviour of humans and other animals

32
Q

Social psychology

A

combines elements from psychology and sociology and investigates the influence of people on one another

32
Q

Sociology

A

focuses on the relation between the behaviour of people and their environment

33
Q

Anthropology

A

study that focuses on societies and humans in relation to their activities

34
Q

Workforce diversity

A

Adapting to work with people from different backgrounds

35
Q

Positive organisational scholarship

A

concerns the way organisations develop human strength, foster vitality and resilience and unlock potential

36
Q

Ethical dilemmas

A

situations during which employees must define right and wrong conduct

37
Q

model (definition)

A

an abstraction of reality, a simplified representation of some real-world phenomenon
3 types of variables (inputs, processes, outcomes)
3 levels of analysis (individual, group and organisations system)

38
Q

Inputs

A

group roles, organisational structure, values that lead to processes

39
Q

Outcomes

A

key variables that are predicted or achieved at the end of a model

39
Q

Processes

A

the actions that individuals, groups and organisations partake in as a result of inputs which then lead to certain outcomes

40
Q

Task performance

A

effectiveness and efficiency combined when employees are performing core tasks

41
Q

Citizenship behaviour

A

discretionary actions that contribute to a good psychological and social work environment

42
Q

Withdrawal behaviour

A

when actions are taken by employees to separate themselves from the organisation

43
Q

How is group functioning measured?

A

by the quantity and quality go the work which the group does

44
Q

Challenges and opportunities for OB

A

Economic pressures (decisions related to layoffs and uncertainty), globalisation (managing diverse workforces), workplace diversity (accommodating various backgrounds and avoiding discrimination), customer service (customer-responsive culture), well-being at work (balancing work and personal life)