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cmp envi > week 1 > Flashcards

week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The earliest known tool for use in computation

A

Sumerian abacus,

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2
Q

is believed to be the earliest known mechanical analog
computer. It was designed to calculate astronomical positions.

A

The Antikythera mechanism

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3
Q

is considered the first computer programmer

A

Augusta Ada King Lovelace

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4
Q

is a device which does integrals, using distance as the analog quantity.

A

planimeter

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5
Q

This generation uses wired circuits where vacuum tubes connected to it.

A

1st Generation Computers

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5
Q

they use binary codes or so called machine language.

A

1st Generation

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6
Q

(ENIAC),

A

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (

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7
Q

this generation also used a machine called Electronic Discrete Variable
Automatic Computer (EDVAC).

A

1st Generation

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8
Q

This is the era where transistor have been developed.

A

2nd Generation Computer

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8
Q

also known as the von Neumann model or Princeton architecture

A

Von Neumann

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9
Q

The 2nd generation used assembly language also called as

A

low-level language.

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10
Q

used Integrated Circuits (ICs) in place of transistors

A

3rd Generation Computer

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11
Q

The IC was invented by

A

Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce

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12
Q

used Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits.

A

4th Generation Computer

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13
Q

ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology, resulting in the production of microprocessor chips having ten million electronic components.

A

5th Generation Computer

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14
Q

This generation is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software.

A

5th Generation

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15
Q

AI (Artificial Intelligence) software includes the following areas of applications:

A

● Robotics
● Neural Networks
● Game Playing
● Development of

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16
Q

is a software program that runs on your computer.

A

An application, or application program,

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17
Q

-Ultimate ancestor of today’s computers
-The arithmetic tool of early merchants
-Used to aid in handling numerical/logical computations

A

Abacus

18
Q

“Father of Computing”
-Invented the Analytical and Difference Engines

A

Charles Babbage

19
Q

-Was based on the Method of Differences
-Was powered by steam

A

Difference Engine

20
Q

Utilized I/O media called Jacquard’s punched cards

A

Analytical Engine

21
Q

are used for storing operating instructions (programs), and would have been able to store around 1,000 numbers of up to 50 decimal places

A

Punch cards

22
Q

EDVAC)

A

Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer

23
Q

computer applications

A

Business
Mathematics and Science
Engineering
Medicine
Education
Entertainment

24
Q

A device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output, all according to a series of stored instructions

A

Computer

25
Q

Accepts data

A

input

26
Q

Processes Data

A

Processing

27
Q

Produces output

A

output

28
Q

Stores results

A

storage

29
Q

refers to the physical, tangible parts or components of a computer, such as the cabinet, central processing unit, monitor, keyboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, speakers and motherboard.

A

Hardware

30
Q

the programs and other operating information used by a computer.

A

Software

31
Q

Information in raw or unorganized form (such as alphabets, numbers, or symbols) that refer to, or represent, conditions, ideas, or objects.

A

Data

32
Q

facts provided or learned about something or someone.

A

Information

33
Q

A value or setting that a device or program automatically selects if you do not specify a substitute.

A

Default

34
Q

is a special computer designed for technical or scientific applications. Intended primarily to be used by one person at a time, they are commonly connected to a local area network and run multi-user operating systems.

A

Workstation

35
Q

commonly shortened to tablet, is a mobile device, typically with a mobile operating system and touchscreen display processing circuitry, and a rechargeable battery in a single thin, flat package

A

Tablet PC

36
Q

was an approximatelypocketcalculator-sized, battery-powered computercompatible with the IBM PersonalComputerin a horizontal clamshell design with integrated keyboard and display.

A

Palmtop/handheld

37
Q

refers to a computer and all of the input, output, and storage devices that are connected to it

A

Computer System

37
Q

are computers used primarily by large organizations for critical applications; bulk data processing, such as census, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning; and transaction processing.

A

MAINFRAMES

38
Q

Keyboard
Pointing Devices
Scanner
Digital Cameras
Microphone
CD/DVD ROM are?

A

Input Devices

39
Q

Monitors / Display Devices
Printer
Dot Matrix
Ink Jet
Laser
Speakers
Sound Card
CD Writers
Modem are?

A

Output devices

40
Q

Computer System Unit
Hard Disk Drive
Floppy Disk Drive
Flash Disk are?

A

Storage Devices

41
Q

the smallest unit of data that a computer can process and store.

A

bit (binary digit)

42
Q

a unit of data that is eight binary digits long. A byte is the unit most computers use to represent a character such as a letter, number or typographic symbol

A

byte

42
Q

Classification of Computer

A

Analog computers
Digital computers
Hybrid computers -

cmp envi (3 decks)

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