Week 1

Question 1

Definition of a Cloud:

Answer 1

“Cloud computing provides user and enterprise subscribers on-demand delivery of various IT services as a
service over a network.”

Question 2

Amazon Web Services is an example of what cloud model?

Answer 2

Public Cloud

Question 3

Do clouds have to be connected to the internet?

Answer 3

No. Cloud computing is an IT service which may be
connected to the Internet but connection to the Internet is not required.

Question 4

Clouds are dependent on virtualization technologies

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Which cloud type allows for the creation of cloud
instances (virtual machines), virtual networks, and shared storage?

Answer 5

Infrastructure as a Service

Question 6

Which cloud type are prebuilt instances configured for a certain
purpose?

Answer 6

Platform as a Service

Question 7

____ is a cloud approach where the software provider deploys their product into
a cloud environment and users access it from their own device.

Answer 7

Software as a Service

Question 8

Office 365 is an example of what cloud type?

Answer 8

Software as a Service

Question 9

Which cloud model is for two or more organizations for their
mutual benefit?

Answer 9

Community Cloud

Question 10

What is a Hybrid Cloud?

Answer 10

Combination of two other cloud models

Question 11

What’s the name of the first GUI ever made?

Answer 11

X Windows

Question 12

What two problems often occurred when estimating system requirements for single-purpose servers?

Answer 12

1. System was too small or weak and had to be replaced before its normal end of life
2. System was far too strong and was never used to its full potential, wasting money

Question 13

What is a common problem found by system integrators when porting a program from windows to Linux?

Answer 13

Linux is case sensitive, Windows is not. Programs need to be written with that in mind.

Question 14

What is the highest practical uptime achievable today?

Answer 14

99.999% (five nines/5 minutes,15 seconds of downtime a year)

Question 15

How many server per service are required for 99.999% uptime?

Answer 15

3

Question 16

What are the two key innovations that support entire system virtualization?

Answer 16

1. Built-in virtualization support
2. hypervisor software that provides a software
   environment that looks like hardware to a virtualized computer system

Question 17

What are some examples of times you /shouldn’t/ virtualize something?

Answer 17

1. You need a physical DC for Windows AD
2. A database server needs so much memory it’s not practical
3. The software uses a physical hardware USB key to activate it

Question 18

What is a container?

Answer 18

A container is a standard unit of software that packages up code and all its dependencies so the
application runs quickly and reliably from one computing environment to another.

Question 19

What is a microservice?

Answer 19

A containerized program that works in tandem with other microservices to provide the full functionality of an application.

Question 20

What are the benefits of using microservices with an orchestration tool?

Answer 20

1. Updated microservices can replace the existing ones without bringing down the whole
   application in most cases
2. failed updates can be rolled back
3. If the orchestration tool supports HA you can make applications HA compliant without coding changes
4. You can scale applications by adjusting their configuration, with no need to touch code

Question 21

What is system integration?

Answer 21

The process of getting all parts of an IT service (application) to work correctly
together to provide a functioning service

Question 22

What is system scaling?

Answer 22

The process of adjusting the amount of compute (cpu, memory, entire virtual
machines, etc.), networking, and storage resources allocated to an IT service based on the demand for
that service

Question 23

What is an important distinction between the process of scaling storage for a file server and the process of scaling storage for a database server?

Answer 23

Always consult with the database
administrator first, database management views give much more accurate reports on remaining storage than system management views.

Question 24

True or false: Scaling, by adding network bandwidth, memory and/or processor cores to a database
server, is often the solution for database performance problems? Support your answer.

Answer 24

False. Design and implementation flaws
in the applications using one or more databases on the database server commonly produce
performance issues that appear to be database server issues. These are often actually caused by inefficient complex SQL queries or functions.