Week 1

Question 1

What does the digestive system consist of primarily?

Answer 1

Gastrointestinal Tract

Question 2

GI tract works in cooperation with

Answer 2

Accessory organs

Question 3

Parts of upper GI tract

Answer 3

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach

Question 4

Lower GI tract = bowels

Answer 4

SI, LI, Rectum, Anus

Question 5

Accessory organs of Digestive System

Answer 5

LV, GB, Pancreas (hepatobilliary)

Question 6

retroperitoneal organs

Answer 6

kidney, ureters, rectum, ascending and descending colon, parts 2, 3, 4 duodenum, head, neck, body of pancreas, suprarenal gland, abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava

Question 7

intraperitoneal organs

Answer 7

stomach, part 1 duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, LV, GB, tail of Pancreas.

Question 8

thick band of doubled up peritoneum

Answer 8

mesentery, mesogastrium

Question 9

mucosal layers of GI tract

Answer 9

** Ephitelium**
* Single innermost layer
* Organized into villi and crypts
* Absorptive, secretory, endocrine function
** Lamina Propria**
* Connective tissue
* Small blood vessels, glands, nerves,
lymphatic vessels
** Muscularis Mucosa**
Smooth muscle ~ contracts mucosa into
fold

Question 10

Four layers of GI tract

Answer 10

• Mucosa
• Submucosa
• Muscularis Externa
• Serosa

Question 11

Layers of Submucosa

Answer 11

• Submucosa*
• Connective tissue layer
• Large blood vessels, glands,
  lymphatics
• Submucosal (Meissner’s) Plexus ~
  part of enteric nervous system à
  secretory activity

Question 12

Layers of Muscular Externa

Answer 12

• Muscularis Externa
• Inner Layer à Circular Muscle
• Outer Layer à Longitudinal
  Muscle
• Myenteric nerve plexus à
  motoric activity

Question 13

Layers of Serosa Layer

Answer 13

• Serosa
• Outermost layer
• Connective tissue layer and
  epithelial cells
• Autonomic nerve fibers synapse
  on target cells and enteric nerve
  plexus

Question 14

Neurotransmitter of sympathetic GI response

Answer 14

NE (Norepinephrine)

Question 15

What does NE do in GI?

Answer 15

Reduce motility, reduce secretions, constrict sphincters

Question 16

Neurotransmitters of Parasympathetic GI activity

Answer 16

ACh (acetylcholine), VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide), GRP

Question 17

ACh does what in GI activity

Answer 17

increase motility, increase secretions

Question 18

VIP does what in Gi activity?

Answer 18

Decrease sphincter constriction

Question 19

GRP does what?

Answer 19

stimulates G cell Gastrin

Question 20

three salivary glands

Answer 20

Parotids -> Serous, less viscous, parasympathetic
Sublinguals and Submantibulars -> mostly Mucin, viscous, sympathetic

Question 21

what is TMJ

Answer 21

temporomandibular joint

Question 22

what is deglutition?

Answer 22

swallowing

Question 23

other name for Lower Esophageal Sphincter?

Answer 23

cardiac sphincter

Question 24

Sequence of swallowing

Answer 24

Question 25

Timed nerve reflexes in swallowing

Answer 25

Cranial Nerve V, IX, X, XII ~ timed
events in swallowing

Question 26

Areas of stomach

Answer 26

Cardiac Sphincter (LES), Fundus, Body, Antrum, Pyloric Sphincter (pylorus)

Question 27

small intestine

Answer 27

pyloric sphincter to large intestine, 20 feet, Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

Question 28

Review the digestive hormone process

Answer 28

Mostly about regulating pH

Question 29

Three phases of control of gastric secretions

Answer 29

cephalic phase
Gastric phase
Intestinal phase

Question 30

cephalic phases

Answer 30

Question 31

Gastric phase

Answer 31

Question 32

Intestinal phase

Answer 32

Question 33

what is MMC

Answer 33

migrating motor complex

Question 34

what stimulates MMC?

Answer 34

fasting

Question 35

How often does MMC happen during fasting?

Answer 35

every 90-120 minutes

Question 36

where and how does absorbtion of vitamin B12 happen?

Answer 36

distal ilium by intrinsic factors