Week 1

Question 1

Gymnosperm

Answer 1

Plants producing seeds that are not enclosed inside ovaries. Seeds are usually, but not always, in cones.

Include Conifers, evergreens, softwoods

Question 2

Tree

Answer 2

A large, woody perennial plant, typically with one main stem that increases in diameter each year. Height varies dramatically at maturity, from 20 feet in some species to 350 feet in others.

Question 3

Shrub

Answer 3

A woody plant, typically with multiple stems, and smaller than a tree at maturity (most often under 20 feet tall)

Question 4

Evergreen

Answer 4

Retaining leaves for longer than one growing season

Question 5

Deciduous

Answer 5

falling off, not persistent, not evergreen.

Question 6

Habit

Answer 6

The characteristic form of a plant; the manner in which it typically grows

Question 7

Bark

Answer 7

All layers of a woody stem (living and dead) external to the vascular cambium - trunk, bole, twig

Question 8

Cambium

Answer 8

A tissue composed of cells capable of active division; a lateral meristem that results in increased diameter growth. Vascular cambium produces xylem and phloem cells; the cork cambium produces cork and phelloderm

Question 9

Sapwood

Answer 9

The outer layers of recently formed wood between the heartwood and the bark, contains functioning vascular tissue and is often lighter in color.

Question 10

Heartwood

Answer 10

The innermost, usually darkened portion of a woody stem. Composed of xylem cells that are blocked by resins and tannins and therefore no longer involved in water transport.

Question 11

Pith

Answer 11

The central portion of the stem of most plants. Typically, spongy when young, but may turn hard with age. May be solid, chambered, or hollow. Typically, round, but may be other shapes in some species (triangular or star-shaped)

Question 12

Leaf

Answer 12

A flattened, expanded portion of the stem that is usually photosynthetic. The parts of a complete lead include the blade, the petiole, and sometimes stipules. In compound leaves, a single leaf is composed of multiple leaflets.

Question 13

Blade

Answer 13

The broad part of a leaf or petal

Question 14

Petiole

Answer 14

The stalk of a leaf. In a compound leaf, the part of the stalk below the lowest set of leaflets. The stalk on each leaflet of a compound leaf is called a petiolule

Question 15

Margin

Answer 15

The outer edge of the leaf blade.

Question 16

Stipule

Answer 16

A small modified leaf that occurs near the base of the petiole in some species. If present, typically occurs in pairs; in some species, may be further modified into spines.

Question 17

Bud

Answer 17

An undeveloped shoot or flower

Question 18

Terminal

Answer 18

Occurring at the tip or apex

Question 19

Lateral

Answer 19

Borne on the side

Question 20

Flower

Answer 20

The reproductive organ of a flowering plant. A complete flower consists of sepals, petals, pistils, and stamens.

Question 21

Seed

Answer 21

A ripened ovule. Seeds are composed of an embryo and nutritive tissue (cotyledon or endosperm) covered with a protective seed coat. The development of seeds, which limits the importance of water in the germination process, was a significant step forward in the colonization of dry land by plants.