Week 1 Flashcards
What is the biological appraoch
Behaviour is the result of physical processes. How or genes, hormones and nervous system affect our thoughts, feelings and actions.
What is the Cognitive approach
Focuses on mental processes
How we think
How we learn
How we store and retrieve information
What is the Evolutionary approach
Human behaviour evolved in order to survive and reproduce
What is the Humanistic approach
Each person has a unique view of the world and it focuses on their experiences. Non-judgemental, self growth, self awareness
What is the Psychodynamic approach
Explores how our unconscious and our past experiences shape our behaviour and emotions.
Anxiety - caused by inner turmoil
What is the Behavioural approach
View observable behaviour, used rewards and punishment to condition behaviour, events in an environment could provoke a response/reaction
What is psychology today?
Psychology today has less of an emphasis on behavioural and look more into mental processes with a scientific view point.
Define psychology as a science
Psychology is the science that seeks to understand behaviour and mental processes and apply that information to help human welfare.
Systematically gather evidence
Perform controlled experiments
Analyse resulting information
Draw appropriate conclusions
Apply those findings to help people become happier and more effective
Wundt
Consciousness, Introspection, opened the first research laboratory structure
Titchner
Consciousness and its structure. Breaking down the different elements involved in an experience
Gestalt
Consciousness as a whole instead of breaking it down into individual parts.
William James
Consciousness - Functionalism -
Guiding people’s ability to make decisions, solve problems
What function our mental processes serve
How mental processes influence behaviour
How behaviour influences mental processes
John B Watson, BF Skinner
Behaviourism - Only observable behaviour, linked to learning. Rewards & punishments shape, maintain and change behaviour through conditioning Linked back to the environment.
Freud
Psychoanalysis - Unconscious
Believed that all behaviour from everyday slips of the tongue to severe forms of mental disorders, is motivated by psychological processes – Mental conflicts that occur unconsciously
Psychology subfield - Biological
Biological factors influencing behaviour and mental processes
Psychology subfield - Cognitive
Mental processes underlying judgment, decision making, problem solving, imagining and other aspects of human thought or cognition
Psychology subfield - Clinical
Seeking to assess, understand and change abnormal behaviour
Psychology subfield - Cultural
Study the interaction between differing cultural groups. Helping us to better understand the experiences of migrants, refuges, and asylum seekers as they work to build a new life.
Psychology subfield - Developmental
Seeking to understand, describe and explore how behaviour and mental processes change over a lifetime
Psychology subfield - Educational
The study methods in which instructors teach and students learn, and who apply their results to improving those methods.
Psychology subfield - Organisational
Ways to improve efficiency, productivity and satisfaction among workers and the organisation that employs them.
Psychology subfield - Societal
How people influence one anothers behaviour and mental processes, individually or in groups
Psychology subfield - Forensic
Issues involving psychology and the law
Psychology subfield - Community
Working with communities and individuals to prevent psychological issues by striving for change in social systems.
