WEEK 1 Flashcards
Original Meaning of Philosophy
- From Greek word Philosophia
- Philo Means Love
- Sophia means wisdom
complete the sentence : Where __- is the strong desire of a particular object and ___ is the correct application of knowledge.
Where Love is the strong desire of a particular object and wisdom is the correct application of knowledge.
Philospher
- Lover of wisdom
- Used by Pythagoras an ancient greek thinker known for Pythagorean theorem
- Pythagoras preferred called as Philosopher than sophist which means wisee man or one who knows
Common Meaning of Philosophy
a. Philosophy is called as Science because the investigation is systematic
b. Philosophy as a Natural Light of Reason : philosopher uses his natural capacity to think
c.. Philosophy as Study of all Things : it is not one dimensional or partial
d. Philosophy as First cause or highest principle
e. Philosophy as a BODY OF KNOWLEDGE : provides methodologies and insights how societal questions
f. Philosophy as an INTELLECTUAL ACTIVITY : analytic procedure of addressing individual thought process
Principles in Philosophy
- Principle of Identity : everything is its own being and not being is not being. Means each thing is identical with itself
- Principle of Non-contradiction : law of non-contradiction is a rule of logic
- Principle of excluded middle : principle of sufficient reason : nothing exists without a sufficient reason for its being and existence
Branches of Philosophy
A. Metaphysics : means from greek words meta (beyond off after) and physika (means physical and nature)
1. General Metaphysics/Ontology : Onto means being and Logos means knowledge or study
1.1 Ontology studies being in their ultimate causes, reason and principles through the aid of reason alone
- Special Metaphysics
2.1 Cosmology : from greek word kosmos (world) and logos (study)
2.1.1 Cosmology studies the world or universe including its origin, dynamics and characteristics as well as the laws that govern its order
2.2 Psychology : from greek word psyche (soul and mind) and logos (study)
2.2.1 Psychology is study of the nature and dynamics of the person as a whole with emphasis on the wat the persons mind functions and the he/she behaves
2.3 Theodicy : from greek word Theos means God
2.3.1 it is justification of goodness of God in the face of the existence if evil
B. METAPHYSICS
1.Deals with the principles of things including abstract concepts such as being,knowing substance,cause , identity , time and space
2. Abstract theory or talk with no basis in reality
Ethics and Epistemology
c. Ethics : From greek word Ethos means custom and habit
c.1 It is the morality of human actions and concern on how human sought to act and the search for definition (right conduct and good life)
d. Epistemology : from greek word Episteme (knowledge) and Logos (study)
d.1 Study the nature of knowledge and justified beliefs. Specifically, it analyzes the nature of knowledge and how to relate into a similar such as truth, deals with the nature, sources, limitation, and validity of knowledge.
d.2 It explains the following:
* How we know what we claim to know
* How can we find out what we wish to know
* How can we differentiate truth from falsehood
Branches of Philosphy
A. Metaphysics means beyond after physical and nature
b. Metaphysics : deals with the first principles of things, including abstract concepts such as being, knowing, substance, cause, identity, time, and space
c. Ethics : Came from the Greek Ethos means custom or habit. It is the morality of human actions. It concerns on how human persons ought to act and the search for definition of a right conduct and good life.
D. EPISTEMOLOGY
Came from the Greek word Episteme and Logos meaning knowledge and study. Study the nature of knowledge and justified beliefs. Specifically, it analyzes the nature of knowledge and how to relate into a similar such as truth, deals with the nature, sources, limitation, and validity of knowledge. It explains the following:
* How we know what we claim to know
* How can we find out what we wish to know
* How can we differentiate truth from falsehood
How do we acquire reliable knowledge?
e. E. Logic – comes from the Greek word “ logike” – means a treatise on matters pertaining to human thought. The concern is the truth or the validity of our arguments regarding such objects. It is based on claims about propositional structure and the body of argumentative technique
F. Aesthetics – is the science of the beautiful in its various manifestation including the sublime, comic, tragic, pathetic and ugly. To experience aesthetics, therefore, means whatever experience has relevance to art, whether the experience be that of the creative artist or of appreciation
