Week 1

Question 1

Mechanisms that pathogens infect, replicate, and cause disease:

Answer 1

Exotoxin release, endotoxin release, direct cytopathic effect

Question 2

Example of pathogen that causes disease by exotoxin release:

Answer 2

Vibrio cholerae (cholera)

Question 3

Example of pathogen that causes disease by endotoxin release:

Answer 3

Yersinia pestis (plague)

Question 4

Example of pathogen that causes disease by direct cytopathic effect:

Answer 4

Influenza virus

Question 5

What are the different sites that pathogens infect?

Answer 5

Extracellular sites - interstitial spaces, blood, lymph, epithelial surfaces

Intracellular spaces - cytoplasmic, vesicular

Question 6

What are the types of pathogens that infect interstitial spaces, blood, and lymph?

Answer 6

Viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, worms

Question 7

What are the types of pathogens that infect epithelial surfaces?

Answer 7

Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Candida albicans, worms

Question 8

What are the types of pathogens that infect the cytoplasm of host cells?

Answer 8

Viruses, Listeria, Protozoa

Question 9

What are the types of pathogens that infect vesicles of host cells?

Answer 9

Mycobacteria, Trypanosomes, Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 10

What is the defense mechanism for infections in the interstitial spaces, blood, and lymph?

Answer 10

Complement, macrophages, neutrophils

Question 11

What is the defense mechanism for infections on the epithelial surfaces?

Answer 11

Antimicrobial peptides

Question 12

What is the defense mechanism for infections in the cytoplasm of host cells?

Answer 12

NK cells

Question 13

What is the defense mechanism for infections in the vesicles of host cells?

Answer 13

Activated macrophages