Week 1 Flashcards
High risk, low probability
Serious illness
High risk, high probability
Redundancy in high turnover job
Low risk, low probability
Don’t really happen
Low risk, high probability
Scraped knee
What is insurance best to cover in terms of probably
Low probability, high risk
What is morbidity
Likeliness of illness
What is Mortality
Likeliness of death
What types of lifestyle have a significant impact on life expectancy
Smoking, drinking, Change eating patterns, exercise
Why has the need for protection changed?
Historically people stayed in the same job, more protection from employer. Now higher turnover of job roles and less protection
Why is there a protection gap?
Lack of understanding, costs, inertia (a tendency to do nothing), advice - not enough
What should we look at when giving protection
Needs, wants, gots (for this look at YES - yourself, employer, state)
Type of life insurance - term
Runs for a specific length of time, it ends and if no claim is made no claim can be made after
Life insurance - Whole of life
Lasts for whole of life
Life insurance - endowment
Form of savings plan with life cover attached. Often used in the past as way of repaying mortgage
Heath insurance - income protection
Pays out an income when unable to work due to illness, this stops when go back to work, retire or die. Usually be up to 60% of gross income.
A provider cannot cancel an income protection policy unless the policy holder stops paying the premiums. This means the holder can claim multiple times.
Health insurance - PMI - private medical insurance
Pay for private treatment - acute medical conditions i.e short term.
Health insurance - CIC - critical illness cover
Lump sum on diagnosis of serious illness. 30 day survival period
Type of term life insurance - level term
Sum assured (amount covered) is set for a particular term and doesn’t change. Can be linked to inflation so the real value sum assured is maintained great for protection against interest only mortgage
Type of term life insurance - decreasing term
The sum assured decreases over the term in line with the term outstanding balance of the mortgage. In theory the mortgage is always guaranteed to be repaid. Usually much cheaper than level term as the insurer is committed to a lower pay over time
Type of term life insurance - whole of life
Whole of life payout guaranteed as long as premiums maintained. Potentially really useful for funeral expenses and IHT (inheritance tax)
State benefit - 3 groups of benefits
Means tested
Contribution tested
Needs tested
Means tested
Those where payment is based on the level of an individuals broader recourses recourses - with payment targeted at those who have the least. Often known as income based
Contribution tested
Those where payment is based of NIC - national insurance contribution. Whether sufficient NIC has been paid.
Needs tested
Where payment is based neither on contribution nor means tested but rather the individuals level of need
21/22 full signed tier pension is 179.60 per week
How long do you have to contribute NIC in order to receive full single tier pension
35 years - class 1 for employees, class 2 for self employed
10-35 years - reduced amount
0-10 years - no entitlement
Is state pension taxed and what type of test does it fall into?
State pension is not means tested however is taxable sound any other income then this results in tax being paid on other incomes
Amount received under universal credt
Between 344 and 596.58 - paid direct into account per month
How is universal credit taxed and how is it tested i.e. which of the 3
Universal credit is means tested but not taxed - exemptions if worked more than 16 hours in 50 of last 52 hours
SSP - state sickness pay
pay. 28 weeks at 99 not means tested but is taxable
Level term
Sum assured stays the same for the period
Decreasing term
Decreases over time of the term, typically a mortgage as the amount decreases reduces as you pay if off over the term
Convertible term
Normal term assurance policy but can be converted from term assurance to whole of life or endowment.
Renewable term
Continue policy past term without need for medical underwriting
Family income benefit - term assurance
Rather than lump some, this provides an annual amount after passing. Supports family and is still term assurance. Yearly income.
Gift intervivos - decreasing term assurance
If some gives a certain gift within 7 years subject to IHT if within 7 year period, this term assurance covers this.
Why would an insurance company pays out for joint life first death typically
Mortgage
Why would an insurance company pay out for joint life second death
IHT
Responses from insurance company on underwriting findings, what do they say
Accept
Accept revised terms
Defer - not for us right now but come back to us in 6 months etc
Decline
Different types of non disclosure on claim application i.e filled form in wrong and then made a claim
Reasonably non disclosure
Careless non disclosure
Deliberate non disclosure - fraudulent
What is a natural premium
This is the natural premium, if younger the premium is cheaper. Der more expensive
What is a level premium basis
Pay same amount of premiums over life insurance. Slight more when younger which then reduced price when older
What is a trust and what does it involve
Trust is a box, trustee is the person who looks after the trust, beneficiary is the person who receives the benefit, settler person who pays out
Types of trusts - absolute trust
Settler name beneficiary from outset and this does not change
Types of trust - flexible / discretionary
Broader categories of beneficiary e.g. classes - kids, grandkids, friends
How do trust assignments work
Assign a life insurance trust e.g. income protection to the mortgage company
What do you need to provide when making a Life insurance claim?
Male sure it is a valid claim
Premiums up to date
Proof of original policy document
Assignment to be notified
Proof of age
Proof of terminal illness
What does qualifying mean for tax around life insurance policies and examples
No tax to be made in any gains or proceeds, e.g. mortgage protection, level term insurance, decreasing term assurance all
What are the qualifying rules?
Only regular premium policies can be qualifying and the definition of regular can be annually
The policy pays a lump sum of death of early disability
You can have additional benefits such as waiver of premium without breaching the qualifying rules
The premium in one year should not be more than 200% of previous years premiums
No one year premium should exceed 1/8 of the total premiums payable over the length of the policy
An endowment policy should have a term of at least 10 years
Limit of 3600 per annum on contributions
75% rule for term assurance
What is top slicing
Top slicing the the charge of tax based on the gain made from a chargeable transfer e.g. if made 100k over 20 years that’s a gain of 5k per year - if earn 49k you will pay 20% on the 4k over
What is the nill rate band for iht
£325k
What is the rate of tax paid on IHT over the 325k nill rate band
40% it reduced to 36% where 10% gifted to charity
IHT gifting and exemptions
You can gift as many £250 gifts to as many people
Annual exemptions - gift £3000 per year and can give previous year also
If marriage - parents 5k grandparents 2.5k anyone else 1k
Gift to spouse - unlimited
Gifts to charity political parties or that will benefit the wider community all unlimited
What is a PET - potentially exempt transfer?
Where someone makes a gift from one person to another and they know each other i.e one estate to the other. Potentially exempt from tax but if die within 7 years then falls back into the donors estate and then subjected to IHT - above nill rate band
What is a chargeable lifetime transfer - CLT
Where someone transfers to another and the receiver is unknown i.e fund, 20% is paid at the point in tax above the 325k nill rate band and if die within 7 years no further tax however if survive then an adjustment at the end can be made
What is taper relief and the tax paid at each years
Taper relief is the charge of the tax on the gift not the amount of the gift
0-3 40%
3-4 32%
3-5 24%
5-6 16%
6-7 8%
7+ 0%
How can you negate the impact of IHT through insurance policy?
Whole of life cover - joint life second death
Write in trust
Gift intervivos
The settler is often the trustee to retain control over the arrangement
The trustee can be the beneficiary though the settler would want to ensure that the trustee could be relied upon to take care of all other beneficiary
What is the purpose of a With profit fund
To provide a smoothed investment return for investors, when market good the fund will hold some profit back to pay when market isn’t doing so well
Examples of whole of life assurances
Unit linked
With profit
Non profit
Companies cannot start taking generic tests before accepting a life application
Why is it important to notify a life insurance provider of the assignment of a policy
Because without notice the entitlement to benefit might be weakened
Under a joint life second death how is the ‘75% of premiums to age 75’ calculated?
By using the younger life
What rate of taxed is deemed to have been paid by a life fund on income and gains under a non qual policy when considering personal liability
8.75% or 20% for income and 10% for capital gains