Week 1 Flashcards
What is assessment?
the process of collecting valid and reliable information, then integrating and interpreting it to make a judgement or a decision about something
What makes a good assessment?
Thorough
Variety
Reliable
Valid
Tailored
What is the assessment process?
Case history
Interview
Orofacial mechanism
All areas assessed
Hearing
Analyze
Share findings
What is evaluation?
Refers to one point in time.
Implies that one is comparing the client’s performance to some “typical” or “expected” level.
What is the purpose of assessment?
draw a conclusion about an individual’s communicative abilities, and to describe the client’s strengths
and weaknesses (needs).
- assessment is ongoing
What is static assessment?
• Provides information about how a client’s
performance compares to a group and/or standard.
• Standardized, norm-referenced assessment
measures like the GFTA-3, CASL-2, WAB-R, ABA-2,
etc. are most common forms of static assessment.
What is dynamic assessment?
Provides information about the types of
support that improve client performance
• Standardized or non-standardized
assessment measures that help to identify
prompts/cues that facilitate performance
• Trial therapy tasks
What is authentic assessment?
Provides information about how a client
functions in their “natural” environment
(e.g., home, school, daycare, work, etc.)
• Generalization to novel environments
What are norm-referenced tests?
Most commercially available tests are norm-referenced
-Standardized
-Compared to a normative group (large representative sample group)
-“How does the client compare to the average”
-Normal distribution – often depicted with bell-shaped curve
What are criterion-referenced tests?
May or may not be standardized
- DO NOT compare to a normative group
- Identify WHAT a client can and cannot do
- Compared to predefined criterion/expected level of performance
- Great for use with:
Neurogenic disorders
Fluency disorders
Voice disorders
Can be useful for other disorders too
What is authentic assessment?
- Identifies what a client can and cannot do
- Contextualized
- Test environment is more realistic and natural
- Ongoing
- During assessment/diagnostic AND treatment
- Requires more clinical skill/experience/creativity
- Review portfolio/record regularly to review/add/change
- Standardized/Norm-Referenced materials may add to this understanding.
What is dynamic assessment?
– a type of Authentic Assessment
- Great for assessing cognitive communication disorders & CLD backgrounds
- Test-teach-retest
- Administer test without prompt/cue
- Teach strategies for the skill. (Mediated Learning Experience)
- Readminister the test item and compare pre- and posttest
- Strategies include cuing, prompting, environmental adjustments,
conversational teaching, etc.
What is standardization?
Standard procedures for administration and scoring
- Purpose of the test
- Age (e.g., 2:0-8:11)
- Construction/Development
- Administration/Scoring procedures
- Normative sample group/ statistical information
- Reliability
- Validity
- This information is in the manual
What is the basal of a test?
Starting point for testing/scoring
-Typically based on age
What is the ceiling of a test?
Ending point for testing/scoring
-Typically based on number of consecutive incorrect responses
Assists with efficiency
Some tests do not have these and SLP administers entire section
What is formulaic administration?
-Repetition of stimulus
-Time
Accommodations vs. modifications?
Accommodations – minor adjustments to testing situation
- Do NOT compromise standardized procedure
- E.g., large-print version
Modifications
- DO change the standardized administration
- E.g., rewording/simplifying instructions, repetition, skip items, etc.
What is HIPAA?
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
- Affects health care practitioners who transmit information electronically
- Provide client privacy policies
- National standards for electronic health care transactions
- Business associates too (what you use – like Microsoft Teams)
What is the ASHA code of ethics for SLPs?
Integrity
Competence
Continued learning
Biases/Prejudices
Best interest of clients
What is case history?
Most common starting point
-Completed by client/caregiver and reviewed by clinician prior
-Limited value at times due to:
Terminology on the form
Rushed responses
Difficulty recalling details/information
Elapsed time between onset and evaluation
Life events/circumstances
Cultural differences
Intake interviews: Types of questions
Open-Ended:
- cannot be answered with “yes”/”no”, or with a static response.
- phrased as a statement which requires a longer response
- Ex: Please describe your concerns
Closed-Ended:
- provide clients with options from which to choose a response
- Elicit short, direct responses
- Ex: What sounds are difficult?
Information available from other professionals?
-SLP, AUD, physicians (various!), dentists, educators, psychologists, nurses, OT/PT, counselors, social workers, etc.
-In collaborating, remain objective.
-Written authorization is required
-Can help with further understanding the issues the client is presenting with
