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Human Structure Block 1 Week 1 Review > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Epiblast form

A

the trilaminar embryonic disk: the mesoderm, the endoderm, the ectoderm

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2
Q

Ectoderm makes

A

neural crest and neural plate

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3
Q

Mesoderm differentiates into

A

paraxial, intermediate, and lateral

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4
Q

paraxial mesoderm

A

responsible for making axial skeleton and musculature

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5
Q

Intermediate mesoderm

A

makes the urogenetal system

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6
Q

lateral mesoderm

A

body wall, body cavities, GT tract, CT of limbs, and cardiovascular system

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7
Q

Lateral mesoderm splits into and what are they responsible for

A

somatic - makes the parietal layer of serous membrane, dermis, and the muscles of the body wall and splanchnic - visceral layer of serous membrane, GI tract

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8
Q

The intraembroyonic coleum

A

is the gap that forms when the lateral mesoderm splits into two

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9
Q

Folding that extrembroyonic folding goes through

A

craniocaudal folding and lateral folding

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10
Q

Conditions that happen when folding at the coleum does not happen properly

A

ectopic cordis, gastrochisis, and bladder wall - organs start to be on the outside of where they are supposed to be

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11
Q

Thoracic diaphragm

A

forms when 4 structures fuse: the septum transverse, the pleurpertineal membrane/folds, dorsal mesentery, and musculature from the body wall

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12
Q

Lung Development

A

Happens with the lung bud and the trachesphogeal septum formation (lack of it can cause RDS)

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13
Q

Somites and Vertebral Column form from

A

the paraxial mesoderm - split into the sclerotome and the dermamytome

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14
Q

Limb Formation

A

happens through limb buds and hox genes, lower limbs lag behind

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15
Q

Axises of the apical ectoderm ridge

A

The thing that buds off of the limb bub
- longitudinal axis - the middle part
- the preaxial axis - the thumb and big toe
- the postaxial axis - pinky finger and toe

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16
Q

Dorsal mass

A

extensor and supinator of upper limb, extensor and abductor of lower limb

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17
Q

Ventral mass

A

flexor and pronator of upper limb, flexor and adductor of lower limb

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18
Q

Rotation of upper limb

A

start from praying hands, rotate 90 degrees laterally
preaxial is lateral, postaxial - is medial

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19
Q

Rotation of lower limb

A

praying feet - rotation of 90 degrees medially, preaxial - is medial and postaxial is lateral

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20
Q

Kyphosis

A

opposite C shaped, thoracic and sacral, primary

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21
Q

Lordosis

A

C shaped, secondary curvature, cervical and lumbar

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22
Q

Suboccipital triangle blood vessels

A

occipital artery and the vertebral artery

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23
Q

Suboccipital Triangle Nerve

A

Suboccipital nerve and greater occipital nerve

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24
Q

Meninges

A

Dura matter (outmost CT), subdural space (a potential space), arachnoid mater (saran wrap material), subarachnoid space (filled with CSF and blood vessels), pia matter ( closest to the cord

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25
Q

Spinal Cord Length

A

Shorter than the vertebral column, stops at L1 - L2

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26
Q

Suboccipital muscles

A

rectus capitus, oblique capitis superior, oblique capitus inferior

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27
Q

Nerves in the Spinal Levels

A

8 cervicial, 12 throaic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccyxgeal

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28
Q

Nerves in the cervical region

A

Exit above the vertebral body

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29
Q

Nerves in the not-cervical region

A

Exit inferior to the vertebral body

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30
Q

Axillary artery branches - first part

A

one branch: superior thoracic artery

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31
Q

Axillary artery - second part

A

2 branches: thoracromial trunk and lateral thoracic artery

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32
Q

Axillary artery third part

A

three branches - anterior circumflex humeral artery, posterior humeral circumflex artery, subscapcular artery

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33
Q

Lymphatic Nodes of Axilla

A

pectoral nodes, subscapular nodes, humeral nodes, central nodes, apical nodes,
all of these drain into the thoracic duct and the right lymphatic duct

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34
Q

Scapular anastomosis

A

suprascapular artery, dorsal scapular artery, circumflex scapular artery

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35
Q

Autonomic efferent

A

2 cell chain, symphathetic and parasympathetic
smmoth, cardiac glands and muscles

36
Q

Fiber contents of ventral root

A

somatic efferent, preganglionic sympathetic

37
Q

Fiber contents of dorsal root

A

somatic afferent, visceral afferent

38
Q

Fiber contents of dorsal primary ramus

A

postganglionic sympathetic, somatic afferent, somatic efferent

39
Q

Fiber contents of ventral primary ramus

A

postganglionic symp, somatic afferent, somatic efferent

40
Q

Fiber contents of white rami communicans

A

preganglionic symp, visceral afferent

41
Q

Fiber contents of gray rami communicans

A

postganglionic symp

42
Q

Fiber contents of Symphathetic chain

A

Preganglionic symp, postganglionic symp, visceral afferent

43
Q

Fiber contents of symphathetic chain ganglion

A

preganglionic sympathetic, postganglionic sympathetic, visceral afferent, postganglionic symphathetic cell bodies

44
Q

Fiber contents of prevertebral/collateral ganglion

A

pregang symp, post gang symp, visceral afferent, pregang para, post ganglionic symp cell bodies

45
Q

Fiber contents of Intramural/Terminal ganglion

A

post ganglion para, visceral afferent, pregang para, post ganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies

46
Q

Any peripheral nerve

A

somatic afferent, somatic efferent, postganglionic symp

47
Q

Fiber contents of nerve associated with abdominal artery

A

post ganglionic symp, visceral afferent, preganglionic parasymp

48
Q

Function of trapezius

A

Ascending - depresses the scapula
Descending - elevates the scapula
Middle- or all three parts, retracts the scapula

49
Q

Function of latissmus dorsi

A

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus; raises body toward arms during climbing

50
Q

Function of levator scapulae

A

Elevates the scapula, rotates its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula

51
Q

Function of rhomboids

A

Retract scapula and rotate its glenoid cavity inferiorly; fix scapula to thoracic wall, helps elevate scapula

52
Q

Function of Serratus Posterior

A

Accessory muscle in respiration

53
Q

Function of Splenius

A

Seperate: laterally flexes the neck and rotates the head to side of active muscles Together: Extension of the head and neck

54
Q

Function of ilocostalis

A

extend vertebral column and head when contracting bilaterally and lateral flexion of vertebral column

55
Q

Function of Longissmus

A

extend vertebral column and head when contracting bilaterally and lateral flexion of vertebral column

56
Q

Function of Spinalis

A

extend vertebral column and head when contracting bilaterally and lateral flexion of vertebral column

57
Q

Function of Semispinalis

A

Extend head and vertebral column

58
Q

Function of Rotares and multifidus

A

Stabilizes vertebrae

59
Q

Function of subscapularis

A

Medial rotation, rotator cuff muscle

60
Q

Function of supraspinatus

A

Lateral rotation, rotator cuff, 0-15 degrees of abduction

61
Q

Function of infraspinatus

A

Lateral rotation, rotator cuff

62
Q

Function of Teres major

A

Adducts and medially rotates the arm

63
Q

Function of teres minor

A

Rotator cuff muscle, lateral rotation

64
Q

Function of the deltoid

A

Abduction of 15-90 degrees, flexion of the arm, extension of the arm, medial rotation and lateral

65
Q

Function of serratus anterior

A

Protracts and rotates the scapula

66
Q

Function of Pec major

A

Adducts arm, medially rotate arm, flexes arm, extends arm from flexes position

67
Q

Function of pec minor

A

stabilizes scapula, helps with respiration when scapula is fixed

68
Q

Function of subclavius

A

Anchors and depresses clavicle

69
Q

Function of bicep brachii

A

Supinates and flexes forearm, flexes, abduct, and medially rotate arm

70
Q

Function of corocbrachialis

A

Helps flex and adduct arm; resists dislocation of shoulder

71
Q

Function of brachialis

A

Flexes forearm

72
Q

Function of tricep brachii

A

Extension of the forearm

73
Q

Simple squamous

A

lining for abdominal, percardial, pleural cavities - lungs and heart

74
Q

Simple cubidol

A

line ducts of exocrine glands, ovary surgace, kidney tubles, heptocytes, thyroid follicles

75
Q

Simple Columnar

A

lines stomach, intestine, colon, gallblader, uterus

76
Q

Pseudostratified columnar

A

respiratory passages, epidymis and ductus deferens

77
Q

Stratified squamous

A

oral cavity, esphogaus, cervix, vagina, epidermis

78
Q

Stratified squamous kertatinzed

A

skin, oral cavity

79
Q

Stratified cubidol

A

sweat glad, anorector junction

80
Q

stratifed columnar

A

rare - conjuctiva of the eye, anorectal junction,

81
Q

transitional epithelium

A

ureter, bladder, urethra

82
Q

merocrine

A

product delivered via vescicles that fuse to the PM via exocytosis

83
Q

holocrine

A

sebum accumlates, undergos apoptosis, product released

84
Q

apocrine

A

release in PM bound vesicles, extruded from the cell

85
Q

CNS neuroglia

A

oligodendrocytes (make mylein, myleinate multiple), astrocytes (regulate ion flow), micrglia (phagocytic cells), ependymal cells (lines CSF cavities

86
Q

PNS neuroglia

A

satellite cells (maintain environment), schwann cell (mylienate one axon),

Human Structure Block 1 Week 1 Review (1 decks)

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