Week 1 Flashcards
Identify the functional characteristics of human life.
Movement
Respire=acquire energy and convert one form to another
Stimuli=respond and sense environment
Growth
Reproduction=reproduce grow develop and die
Excrete=remove waste and maintain homeostasis
Nutrients=opens systems=exchange with environment to gain nutrients
Describe the structure of the body, from simplest to most complex, in terms of the six levels of organisation.
atoms->molecules->cells->tissues->organs->systems->organism
Introduce the concept of homeostasis and explain its importance to normal human functioning in the context of organ
systems.
Process to ensure certain conditions in body remain unchanged to regulate internal environment from external threats. This includes: BP, temperature and fluid balance
Distinguish between anatomy and physiology, and identify the branches of each discipline.
Anatomy looks at body structure
Subsets of anatomy: Surface anatomy (topographic body), Systemic anatomy (system collaboration), Microscopic anatomy (histology), Developmental anatomy (embryonic growth), Clinical anatomy (looking at how the disease may change its structure), Comparative anatomy (different animals)
Physiology looks at body function and various mechanisms which carry it out
Subsets: cell physiology, pathological physiology, systemic physiology
(lower limb) Use appropriate anatomical terminology to identify key body structures body regions
FRONT femoral-front thigh patellar-front knee crural-front calf tarsal-ankle dorsal(foot) top of foot hallux-big toe digital(phalangeal)-toes BACK popliteal-back of knee back of calf-sural back of foot-calcaneal bottom of foot-plantar
(abdomen) Use appropriate anatomical terminology to identify key body structures body regions
FRONT -from clavicle to ribs-thoracic -pecks-mammary -ribs to hips-abdominal -belly button-umbilical -hips to start of legs-pelvic -crotch fold-inguinal BACK -back of shoulder-scapular -upper end vetebra-dorsal -lower end of vertabra-lumbar -tailbone-sacral -gluteal-butt
(upper limb) Use appropriate anatomical terminology to identify key body structures body regions
FRONT palms facing -armpit-auxillary -humerus-brachial -front side of elbow-cubital -lower end of arm-antebrachial -wrist-carpal -hand-palmer -thumb-pollex -digital phalangeal-fingers BACK-palms face away -top of shoulder-acromial -elbow side-olecranal -dorsal-hand
(facial) Use appropriate anatomical terminology to identify key body structures body regions
- forehead-frontal
- head to neck-cephalic
- above eyebrows to top-cranial
- below eyebrows to neck-facial
- chin-mental
- nose-nasal
- eyes-ocular
- ears-otic
- cheek-buccal
- mouth-oral
- neck-cervical
(CT) Compare and contrast medical imaging techniques in terms of their function and use in medicine.
Computed Tomography -different angled cross sections -more detail than X rays -oncology diagnostics, preoperative planning -IV contrast high allergy rate and uses lots of ionizing radiation MRI Ultrasound X ray Nuclear Medicine
(X ray) Compare and contrast medical imaging techniques in terms of their function and use in medicine.
X ray
- static image
- used in ICUE or ED as cheap and convenient
- more dense structure more white (radiopaque-most white, semiradiopaque middle, radiolucent-least)
- radiation risk
(Ultrasound) Compare and contrast medical imaging techniques in terms of their function and use in medicine.
-transducer probe transmit sound wave and record echo forming image
-good for soft tissue but air and calcification have strong lines
cheap, safe, accessible, mobile
-limited in how fast waves go
(MRI) Compare and contrast medical imaging techniques in terms of their function and use in medicine.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
-greater detail than CT
-in a strong magnetic field all protons align with allowing the radio frequency pulse to be transmitted, disrupting the protons
-once the pulse is started the protons will return to be aligned bit the rate at which they do will be different per tissue type
-no ionising radiation
-uncomfortable, not done for pregnant people
-hyperintense-brighter than thing we compare to, hypointense-darker, isointense-equal
-T1-high fat, skin
T2-high fat AND water
(Nuclear medicine) Compare and contrast medical imaging techniques in terms of their function and use in medicine.
- radioactive isotopes to assess function and diagnose
- PET scan-Positron emission tomography-emit radio tracer through body which accumulate more in metabolically active areas (warmer colours)
- radiation risk
- used for pulmonary emboli, PET scans, Thyroid scans
Briefly describe the biopsychosocial model of health and illness and why it is important.
-biological, psychological and environmental and
social and cultural factors all intertwine and that they’re key to understanding a person in a holistic
way
Describe the role of pathology in medicine and the various sub-specialties.
Pathology involves a focus on: Predisposing factors Cause of disease Mechanism development (pathogenesis) Patterns and complications
Pathology varies in focuses such as: Anatomical chemical/clinical biochemistry (analyse bodily fluids) Molecular forensic
