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EXPH 2200 > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Osteology

A

Adult skeleton

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2
Q

Axial skeleton

A

80 bones

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3
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

126 bones

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4
Q

Long bones (humerus, fibula)

A

Good for producing leverage

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5
Q

Short bones (carpals, tarsals)

A

Good for shock absorption

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6
Q

Flat bones (skull, scapula)

A

Protection, huge surface for muscles to grow

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7
Q

Kinesiology

A

Study of motion or human movement

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8
Q

Anatomic kinesiology

A

Study of human musculoskeletal and musculotendinous system

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9
Q

Biomechanics

A

Application of mechanical physics to human motion

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10
Q

Structural kinesiology

A

Study of muscles as they are involved in the science of movement

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11
Q

Irregular bones (vertebrae)

A

Shaped for specific purpose

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12
Q

Sesamoid bones (patella)

A

Increase mechanical efficiency

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13
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of bone

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14
Q

Cortex

A

Outer coating of bone

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15
Q

Periosteum

A

Outer coating

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16
Q

Endosteum

A

Inner coating

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17
Q

Medullary

A

Blood supply

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18
Q

Epiphysis/Epiphyseal plate

A

Growth plate, how the bone grows over time

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19
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Lubricates bone to bone connection

20
Q

Bone composition

A

Calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, collagen, and water

21
Q

Cortical bone

A

Most outer bone
Low porosity, 5-30% non-mineralized tissue (meaning water and collagen level is low)
(Hard)

22
Q

Cancellous (trabecular)

A

High porosity, 30-90% non-mineralized tissue (some flex)

Spongy

23
Q

Articulations

A

Connection of bones at a joint usually allow movement between surfaces of bones

24
Q

3 major classifications of joints (SAD)

A

Synarthrodial
Amphiarthrodial
Diarthrodial

25
Q

Synarthrodial

A

Immovable

Very stable

26
Q

Amphiarthrodial

A

Slightly moveable

Slightly stable

27
Q

Diarthrodial

A

Very moveable

Bad stability

Articular or hyaline cartilage covers the articular surface ends of the bones inside the joint cavity
absorbs shock
protect the bone

Slowly absorbs synovial fluid during joint unloading or distraction

Secretes synovial fluid during subsequent weight bearing & compression

28
Q

Explain nutrient availability and waste removal in a diarthrodial joint

A

From secretion and absorption which happens by way of movement

Through secretion the waste fills out into the synovial capsule and then becomes reabsorbed

Synovial fluid is the mix of waste and nutrients

29
Q

Synovial fluid

A

The mix of waste and nutrients

30
Q

6 types of diarthrodial joints

A 
Arthrodial (Plane)
Ginglymus
Trochoid (Pivot)
Condyloid
Enarthrodial (Ball and socket)
Sellar (saddle)
31
Q

Arthrodial (Gliding) joints

A

2 plane (bi-planar or bi-axial) or flat bony surfaces which butt against each other

Little motion possible in any 1 joint articulation

Usually work together in series of
articulations

Between tarsal bones

32
Q

Ginglymus (Hinge) joint

A

A uniaxial (1 plane) articulation

Articular surfaces allow motion in only one plane

Ex. Elbow, knee, talocrural (ankle)

33
Q

Trochoid (Pivot) joint

A

Uniaxial articulation

Ex. atlantoaxial joint
odontoid which turns in a bony ring, proximal & distal radio-
ulnar joints

Ex. Ulna locked down while the radius is free to move

34
Q

Condvloid (Knuckle Joint)

A

biaxial ball & socket joint

one bone with an oval concave surface received by another bone with an oval convex surface

Motions are flexion, extension, abduction & adduction
(circumduction)

Ex. Knuckles

35
Q

Enarthrodial

A

Multiaxial or triaxial ball & socket joint

Ex. Shoulder and hip

Bony rounded head fitting into a concave articular surface

Motions are flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, diagonal abduction & adduction, rotation, and circumduction

36
Q

Sellar (Saddle) Joint

A

Unique triaxial joint

2 reciprocally concave & convex articular surfaces

Only example is 1st carpometacarpal joint at thumb

Flexion, extension, adduction & abduction, circumduction & slight rotation

Thumb

37
Q

Physiological movements

A

flexion, extension, abduction,
adduction, & rotation

occur by bones moving through
planes of motion about an axis
of rotation at joint

38
Q

Osteokinematic motion

A

resulting motion of bones relative to 3 cardinal planes

39
Q

Arthrokinematics

A

motion between articular surfaces

40
Q

Accessory Motions

A

3 specific types
a.Spin
b.Roll
C.Glide

Small motions relative to
Osteokinematics

41
Q

Roll (rock)

A

A series of points on one articular
surface contacts with a series of
points on another articular
surface

42
Q

Glide (slide, translation)

A

A specific point on one
articulating surface comes in contact with a series of points on
another surface

43
Q

Spin

A

A single point on one articular
surface rotates about a single
point on another articular surface

44
Q

Dynamic Stability

A

Provided by the muscles

45
Q

Static stability

A

Provided by the ligaments

EXPH 2200 (2 decks)

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