Week 1 Flashcards
What makes the human brain special and why ?
Evolution- increase of complexity/adaptation
Increase SA of brain
Body weight to brain weight ratio
How many neurone are in the human brain ?
86 billion
How is the increase in brain SA seen?
The convolutions (gyri and supci) in our cerebral cortex
What is the Encephalisation Quotient?and what does it show ?
This is a graph that shows humans have a greater body weight to brain weight ratio
What affect does the pelvis have of brain size?
It restricts brain size due to the fact that an increase in brain size is and increase in pelvis size however because of the birthing canal and the fact that we walk to two legs the brain is now restricted in further growth
What are the main visual differences between the human brain and that of other animals?
S
What are the two numerical factors that make the human brain different to animal brains?
B
What are the two main changes in skull shape for human ancestors over the past 2 to 3,000,000 years
The brain got larger and the jaw/teeth got smaller
What seems to have been the strongest evolution really drive towards the large densely populated brains that modern humans have?
Due to our evolution in food consumption and the way we obtain food. This is something that had been learnt and adapted but it’s also a means of survival so it’s something that is imperative to be maintained
What are the main subdivisions of the brain and how they separated?
the cerebrum, the brainstem, and the cerebellum. These are separated but fissures
What are the names of the lobes in the brain?
Frontal lobe ,temporal lobe, occipital lobe, parental lobe
What are the functions of each lobe in the brain?
Frontal lobe-language,emotion, reasoning
Parental lobe- processing sensory information, coordination
Temporal lobe- processes auditory information
Occipital lobe- visual processing
What is the neuron?
I knew one is an electrically excitable cell that communicates with other cells
What is the structure of a beaut on and it’s function?
Dendrites , soma, myelin sheath, axon terminal buttons.
Dendrites receive signals from other neurons via neurotransmitters
The soma is the cell body
The myelin sheath is a fatty substance that protects the axon
The axon carries nerve impulses away from the cell bodies towards the terminal buttons
Terminal buttons bind to dendrites
What is action potential?
Action potential occurs when a new one sends information down and acts on the way from the cell body, where there will be a spike or an impulse in electrical charge.
How is an action potential triggered?
If the combined affect of dendrites change the overall charge of the cell action potential is triggered.
How is electrical activity generated and conducted In a neuron?
Electrical activity is generated when dendrites receive signals from other neurons by anyone transmitters and when bonded to the receptors the dendrites acts as chemical signals opening iron channels to flow in and out of the cell convert in the chemical signal into electric signal.
These cells are electrically charged due to ions in the cell and outside the soul on the outside of the cell there are more sodium and chloride irons and on the inside of the cell there are more potassium and anoins giving the overall charge to be -60 MV resting membrane potential
What is the resting membrane potential?
-60 mc
What happens when more sodium ion on the inside of a cell?
More sodium ions result in an excitation potential
When a cell becomes less negatively charged what is this called?
Depolarisation
What happens when more chloride ions flow into a cell?
The action potential comes inhibition potential
What is the synapse?
The synapses a structure that permits a neuron to pass an electrical chemical signal into another neuron
What is the synaptic transmittion process?
Neuronal impulse travels down pre-synaptic axon to axon bulb
Synaptic vessel fuses to ask some blood plasma membrane releasing neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitter is released into synaptic cleft
Neurotransmitter bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron
Sodium iron channels open up and the ions enter the postsynaptic neuron
What did Galvani discover?
Go only discovered that the brown did not control the whole body and electrical charge of some sort was involved in movement
What did Hodgkin and Huxley discover
Using a squid axon due to its large size, they were the 1st to apply mathematical models to represent biological systems, thus action potential
