Week 1

Question 1

What makes the human brain special and why ?

Answer 1

Evolution- increase of complexity/adaptation
Increase SA of brain
Body weight to brain weight ratio

Question 2

How many neurone are in the human brain ?

Answer 2

86 billion

Question 3

How is the increase in brain SA seen?

Answer 3

The convolutions (gyri and supci) in our cerebral cortex

Question 4

What is the Encephalisation Quotient?and what does it show ?

Answer 4

This is a graph that shows humans have a greater body weight to brain weight ratio

Question 5

What affect does the pelvis have of brain size?

Answer 5

It restricts brain size due to the fact that an increase in brain size is and increase in pelvis size however because of the birthing canal and the fact that we walk to two legs the brain is now restricted in further growth

Question 6

What are the main visual differences between the human brain and that of other animals?

Answer 6

S

Question 7

What are the two numerical factors that make the human brain different to animal brains?

Answer 7

B

Question 8

What are the two main changes in skull shape for human ancestors over the past 2 to 3,000,000 years

Answer 8

The brain got larger and the jaw/teeth got smaller

Question 9

What seems to have been the strongest evolution really drive towards the large densely populated brains that modern humans have?

Answer 9

Due to our evolution in food consumption and the way we obtain food. This is something that had been learnt and adapted but it’s also a means of survival so it’s something that is imperative to be maintained

Question 10

What are the main subdivisions of the brain and how they separated?

Answer 10

the cerebrum, the brainstem, and the cerebellum. These are separated but fissures

Question 11

What are the names of the lobes in the brain?

Answer 11

Frontal lobe ,temporal lobe, occipital lobe, parental lobe

Question 12

What are the functions of each lobe in the brain?

Answer 12

Frontal lobe-language,emotion, reasoning
Parental lobe- processing sensory information, coordination
Temporal lobe- processes auditory information
Occipital lobe- visual processing

Question 13

What is the neuron?

Answer 13

I knew one is an electrically excitable cell that communicates with other cells

Question 14

What is the structure of a beaut on and it’s function?

Answer 14

Dendrites , soma, myelin sheath, axon terminal buttons.

Dendrites receive signals from other neurons via neurotransmitters

The soma is the cell body

The myelin sheath is a fatty substance that protects the axon

The axon carries nerve impulses away from the cell bodies towards the terminal buttons

Terminal buttons bind to dendrites

Question 15

What is action potential?

Answer 15

Action potential occurs when a new one sends information down and acts on the way from the cell body, where there will be a spike or an impulse in electrical charge.

Question 16

How is an action potential triggered?

Answer 16

If the combined affect of dendrites change the overall charge of the cell action potential is triggered.

Question 17

How is electrical activity generated and conducted In a neuron?

Answer 17

Electrical activity is generated when dendrites receive signals from other neurons by anyone transmitters and when bonded to the receptors the dendrites acts as chemical signals opening iron channels to flow in and out of the cell convert in the chemical signal into electric signal.
These cells are electrically charged due to ions in the cell and outside the soul on the outside of the cell there are more sodium and chloride irons and on the inside of the cell there are more potassium and anoins giving the overall charge to be -60 MV resting membrane potential

Question 18

What is the resting membrane potential?

Answer 18

-60 mc

Question 19

What happens when more sodium ion on the inside of a cell?

Answer 19

More sodium ions result in an excitation potential

Question 20

When a cell becomes less negatively charged what is this called?

Answer 20

Depolarisation

Question 21

What happens when more chloride ions flow into a cell?

Answer 21

The action potential comes inhibition potential

Question 22

What is the synapse?

Answer 22

The synapses a structure that permits a neuron to pass an electrical chemical signal into another neuron

Question 23

What is the synaptic transmittion process?

Answer 23

Neuronal impulse travels down pre-synaptic axon to axon bulb
Synaptic vessel fuses to ask some blood plasma membrane releasing neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitter is released into synaptic cleft
Neurotransmitter bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron
Sodium iron channels open up and the ions enter the postsynaptic neuron

Question 24

What did Galvani discover?

Answer 24

Go only discovered that the brown did not control the whole body and electrical charge of some sort was involved in movement

Question 25

What did Hodgkin and Huxley discover

Answer 25

Using a squid axon due to its large size, they were the 1st to apply mathematical models to represent biological systems, thus action potential