week 1 Flashcards
By the time an infant is 2 or 3 how many synapses per neuron do they typically have?
15000 synapses
Which memories are the most fragile?
personal memories
The tendency to recall information presented at the start of a list better than information at the middle or end, is called what?
The Primacy effect
Stage 1 Brightness masking and and stage 2 pattern masking are the two stages of what memory?
Iconic memory
Why are schemas useful?
we can make assumptions and reduce what we have to remember.
what theory is this? ____________ hypothesizes the decline of memory retention in time. This______shows how information is lost over time when there is no attempt to retain it.
The forgetting Curve.
Fill in the gap? _______ memory involves the memory of visual stimuli. … The image you “see” in your mind is your _______ memory of that visual stimuli. 1 ______ memory is part of the visual memory system which includes long-term memory and visual short-term memory
Iconic memory
Whats is the term to refer to the decay and die-off of axons and dendrites called
Synaptic pruning
Fill in the gap? a ________ is the gap between two neurons, or nerve cells, across which neurotransmitters pass chemical messages.
synapse
Which memory task is the hardest?
Serial recall
Re‐experiencing or reliving a past event in the mind; mental time travel. Characterized by recovering and recreating the context in which a stimulus or event occurred. Which component of episodic memory is this?
Recollection
Fill in the gap? ___________ or _________ memory is devoted to processing of names, dates, places, facts, events, and so forth. These are entities that we think of as being encoded symbolically and that thus can be described with language. In terms of function, __________ memory is specialized for fast processing and learning.
Declarative or explicit memory
Which memory is one of the two types of explicit memory (or declarative memory) (our memory of facts or events that is explicitly stored and retrieved). Semantic memory refers to general world knowledge that we have accumulated throughout our lives?
sematic memory.
Individual nerve cells are called?
Neurons
what are the four effects of Maintenance Rehearsal?
Total time/Repetition Effect, Distributed Practice Effect Acoustic Interference Effect, Word Length & Suffix Effects.
A mental framework for organizing and representing knowledge is known as a what?
Schemata or schema
what are the three main parts of the brain?
Cerebellum, Cerebrum, Brain stem (medulla)
At what stage do the two major pruning periods happen?
just after age 5 and adolescence.
Name the four types of memory task?
Cued recall, serial recall, free recall and Recognition
Meaningfulness Effect Depth of Processing & Self‐reference Effects Effort & Elaboration Effects Encoding Variability Effect are the four effects of what type of rehearsal?
elaborate rehearsal
at birth how many synapses does each neuron have in the cortex?
2,500 synapses.
A stimulus is recognized or experienced as old, but little or no information is associated about the context in which it was encountered. Resembles semantic memory. Which component of episodic memory is this?
Familiarity
Which memory task is the easiest?
Recognition
Fill in the gap? ____________ is a part of the long-term memory that is responsible for knowing how to do things, also known as motor skills. … It differs from declarative memory, or explicit memory, which consists of facts and events that can be explicitly stored and consciously recalled or “declared.”
Procedural memory
