week 1

Question 1

By the time an infant is 2 or 3 how many synapses per neuron do they typically have?

Answer 1

15000 synapses

Question 2

Which memories are the most fragile?

Answer 2

personal memories

Question 3

The tendency to recall information presented at the start of a list better than information at the middle or end, is called what?

Answer 3

The Primacy effect

Question 4

Stage 1 Brightness masking and and stage 2 pattern masking are the two stages of what memory?

Answer 4

Iconic memory

Question 5

Why are schemas useful?

Answer 5

we can make assumptions and reduce what we have to remember.

Question 6

what theory is this? ____________ hypothesizes the decline of memory retention in time. This______shows how information is lost over time when there is no attempt to retain it.

Answer 6

The forgetting Curve.

Question 7

Fill in the gap? _______ memory involves the memory of visual stimuli. … The image you “see” in your mind is your _______ memory of that visual stimuli. 1 ______ memory is part of the visual memory system which includes long-term memory and visual short-term memory

Answer 7

Iconic memory

Question 8

Whats is the term to refer to the decay and die-off of axons and dendrites called

Answer 8

Synaptic pruning

Question 9

Fill in the gap? a ________ is the gap between two neurons, or nerve cells, across which neurotransmitters pass chemical messages.

Answer 9

synapse

Question 10

Which memory task is the hardest?

Answer 10

Serial recall

Question 11

Re‐experiencing or reliving a past event in the mind; mental time travel. Characterized by recovering and recreating the context in which a stimulus or event occurred. Which component of episodic memory is this?

Answer 11

Recollection

Question 12

Fill in the gap? ___________ or _________ memory is devoted to processing of names, dates, places, facts, events, and so forth. These are entities that we think of as being encoded symbolically and that thus can be described with language. In terms of function, __________ memory is specialized for fast processing and learning.

Answer 12

Declarative or explicit memory

Question 13

Which memory is one of the two types of explicit memory (or declarative memory) (our memory of facts or events that is explicitly stored and retrieved). Semantic memory refers to general world knowledge that we have accumulated throughout our lives?

Answer 13

sematic memory.

Question 14

Individual nerve cells are called?

Answer 14

Neurons

Question 15

what are the four effects of Maintenance Rehearsal?

Answer 15

Total time/Repetition Effect, Distributed Practice Effect Acoustic Interference Effect, Word Length & Suffix Effects.

Question 16

A mental framework for organizing and representing knowledge is known as a what?

Answer 16

Schemata or schema

Question 17

what are the three main parts of the brain?

Answer 17

Cerebellum, Cerebrum, Brain stem (medulla)

Question 18

At what stage do the two major pruning periods happen?

Answer 18

just after age 5 and adolescence.

Question 19

Name the four types of memory task?

Answer 19

Cued recall, serial recall, free recall and Recognition

Question 20

Meaningfulness Effect Depth of Processing & Self‐reference Effects Effort & Elaboration Effects Encoding Variability Effect are the four effects of what type of rehearsal?

Answer 20

elaborate rehearsal

Question 21

at birth how many synapses does each neuron have in the cortex?

Answer 21

2,500 synapses.

Question 22

A stimulus is recognized or experienced as old, but little or no information is associated about the context in which it was encountered. Resembles semantic memory. Which component of episodic memory is this?

Answer 22

Familiarity

Question 23

Which memory task is the easiest?

Answer 23

Recognition

Question 24

Fill in the gap? ____________ is a part of the long-term memory that is responsible for knowing how to do things, also known as motor skills. … It differs from declarative memory, or explicit memory, which consists of facts and events that can be explicitly stored and consciously recalled or “declared.”

Answer 24

Procedural memory

Question 25

What is the function of `synaptic pruning?

Answer 25

makes transmission more specific and efficient.

Question 26

what are the two components of episodic memory?

Answer 26

Recollection and familiarity.

Question 27

Which memory involves the ability to learn, store, and retrieve information about unique personal experiences that occur in daily life. These memories typically include information about the time and place of an event, as well as detailed information about the event itself?

Answer 27

Episodic memory.

Question 28

What is the main function of neurons?

Answer 28

Neurons form networks and communicate with other neurons using neurotransmitters.

Question 29

What are the four findings the Three store model couldn’t explain?

Answer 29

preconscious processing, implicit or procedural memory, Modality effects in STM, and Meaningfulness effect.

Question 30

The tendency to recall items, ideas, or arguments that come last is called what?

Answer 30

The recency effect

Question 31

Fill in the gap? ______ memory, or auditory sensory memory, is a type of memory that stores audio information (sound). … Short-term memory stores information you recently received. It lasts for a few seconds to 1 minute.

Answer 31

Echoic memory

Question 32

what is the duration of iconic memory?

Answer 32

250-500 miliseconds

Question 33

The longer a stimulus lasts, the shorter its persistence after the offset of the stimulus is know as the ______ duration effect?

Answer 33

The Inverse duration effect.

Question 34

if not rehearsed short term momory is lost in how many seconds?

Answer 34

20 seconds