Week 1 Flashcards
Definitions:
1) affect
2) ‘emotional’ and ‘affective’
3) affective state
4) emotional experience
1) experience of feeling or emotion
2) describe physical or cognitive components of emotion
3) internal dynamics when experiencing emotion, multi-variate: mental/physical, changes with time and other activating factors, can be inferred
4) conscious perception of an emotional state e.g. anger, mild stress, contentment
Difference between left and right hemisphere of Neocortex?
Left:
- right side of body
- linear, logical, rational, verbal
- developing processes, procedures and schedules
Right:
- left side of body
- spatial, abstract, musical, artistic
- creative problem solving, identifying possibilities
Which part of the Triune brain is concerned with emotion? State its characteristics
Limbic system:
1) centre of the brain
2) emotion, attention, memory
3) determines valence +/-
4) determines salience - attention
5) flexibility, unpredictability and creativity of human behaviour
6) vast connections with neocortex
State the difference between the two paths of emotional processing, illustrating with an example
Short route:
- direct to limbic system
- e.g. spontaneous avoidance of suddenly looming large
object
Long route:
- via cortex
- slower, but more accurate
- enables recognition a moment later
- e.g. an approaching inflatable beach ball
More connections from limbic to cortex than vice-versa
- limbic system influence is greater, e.g. spontaneous
avoidance
- even reasonable behaviour is directed by ‘passions’
How does affective computing benefit the gaming experience?
1) importance of emotion in engaging games
2) tailor game responses to recognised emotions:
- emotions can drive the design process
- player experience tailored to each player
How does mood differ from a feeling and an emotional expression?
1) Mood is a long term affective state, duration not defined, may arise when emotion repeatedly activated
2) feeling is a response to sensory stimuli
3) emotional expression is how emotion is revealed to others, voluntary/involuntary
What is sentic modulation? Why is it important?
Influence of emotion on bodily expression i.e. Important because:
1) physical means for expressing emotion
2) means of communicating human emotion
3) natural and usually subconscious
State 4 social display rules that influence facial expressions
1) Expressed as is
2) Deamplified, showing less than what is actually felt
3) Neutralised, showing nothing
4) Qualified, shown with other emotions
5) Masked, concealed by showing other emotions altogether
6) Amplified, shown more intensely than what is actually felt
7) Simulated, shown when not felt at all
What is the Facial Action Coding System?
1) an anatomical system for describing all observable facial movements 2) subdivides facial expressions into individual components of muscle movement 3) for measuring facial expressions
What problems are encountered when mapping emotions to sentic modulation?
1) Intensity of emotion
2) Types of emotion, e.g., many types of love
3) How the state was induced, e.g., imagining, watching a
movie, a conflict
4) Social display rules, e.g., whether emotion is encouraged
or suppressed
What complicating factors are encountered when mapping emotions to physical
expressions, illustrating each factor with an example?
1) Problematic definition of emotion. Mappings of emotion to physical expression complex e.g. love has no associated facial expression.
2) Similar physiological responses that arise not due to emotion e.g. heart rate, exercise. Being aware of context can help to disambiguate.
3) Hormones, meds, diet. e.g. pre-menstrual hormone changes
4) Mood state cues memories that are consistent with that mood
5) Emotions influence cognition, vice-versa. e.g. good thoughts ⇒ good emotions ⇒ good mood
What factors need to be considered when designing a person-independent emotion
recognition system?
1) Different individual expresses emotions differently
2) Temperament & personality ⇒ patterns of expression
3) Expressive patterns depend on gender, context, social & cultural expectations
State the three ways emotional phenomena can manifest
- verbal reports
- physiological responses
- overt behaviour
- above manifestations partly independent
State the characteristics of the affective dimensions of valence, arousal and dominance
- valence ranges from - to + with neutral at centre
- arousal ranges from calm to highly aroused with neutral at centre
- dominance is the degree in which a person feels they dominate the current situation, ranges from ‘in control’ to ‘controlled by’ with neutral at centre
What are the two categories of emotion?
- discrete
- dimensional (continuous)
