Week 04 Flashcards
roman empire and han dynasty
60 million people
roughly overlap in time
20-25% urban (all empires)
ancient agricultural societies had high rates of urban residence and urban population density
powerful governments drove city growth
still relied on farming
concentration of farmers and access to larger markets
forced migration to main cities
USA in 1850 had a lower urban rate than it did in the ancient world in these empires
density, walls, and walkability
walls did not equal urban boundary
no transportation vehicles thus everything needed to be close
concentration of storage is ideal
city building/city settlment
city building follows conquest
state directed migration
slaves, settlers, and the armies
armies are diverse to stop ethnic and cultural revolts
city building: han China
forced migration and settlment
movement of wealthy families into the city
city building funded and influence through war and conquest
forms fortresses and economic centers
grids and walls: Han china
planned cities, easy to walk, easy to control, efficient street planning, easy to police, good plan to continue development
urban space: Han china`
palace and temple
markets and bath
barracks and jail
homes and fields
example of Timgrad, Algeria
roman built town
distinct grid
outgrew original boundaries
monumental architecture
fortress town -> market town -> urban city
founded 100 BCE as millitary outpost
crowing in ancient Rome
1 million people
not built on a grid (evolved from early river settlements)
lots of public spaces
very poor public health
(disease inpublic bath areas, garbage on street)
crowded and unequal city
work and housing in ancient Rome
the elite controlled a lot of the wealth
(rents and productive property payed for by the slaves)
upper class people )creatives, merchants etc)
prosperous and making a living
they would live in insulas
what were insulas
3-8 storey apartments where the wealthier lived on the bottom and poor on the top
function of cities at this time (broad)
cities stored and transmitted learning and were powerful knowledge centers but also created vastly unequal wealth and social issues
public space as power in ancient ROme
palaces, temples, towers
public executions
wealth and power expressed directly through the built environment
knowledge and its transmission in Rome
scholars and documents
roads and urban networks
state sponsorship
religious beliefs and knowledge became more followed/related to than the direct teachings from the leaders
religion and urban space in Ancient Rome
knowing your neighbours
neihgbourhoods were based on gods (zeus neighbourhood)
religion as political power
holy days and meetings in an urban setting
anchors the community cohesion
everyday life in Rome
eating: rich ate indoors, poor ate out
a mediterranean diet
tavern life
cheap medicine, fortune tellers
conflict :elite campaigns agaisnt taverns
ancient urban planning
planning as an idea
directing growth, services, development
shaping social and physical world
land use designation
as planners, design for whom?
planning in the ancient world?
needs order and systems
must be functional
reinforce power of the state
walls and fortifications
monumental architecture
standardization and replication
grids (specializaiton and separation)
bi-sected by major roads
the meaning of plans
common elements: order, stability, domiance, action mirrors form, stops time, decay and death
architects
architects needed to have knowledge in many disciplines and were considered the broad thinkers of society
public space as power
pakaces, temples, towers
public executions
more innocent the victim the better the lesson
knowledge and its transmission
axial age
1000 BCE old cultures developed new perspectives on matters of the divine
transmission of ideas
religion and urban space
roman “religion” no doctinr no official church
gods existed and humans needed to be on good terms with them
processions, holy days and the agricultural calendar
shrines and patron gods as neighbourhood anchors
Chang’ An : capital of the western han : poltiics of urban space
built 200 BCE as new capital
250,000 people
160 wards of admin and residential districts
palace, temples, jails, academy, granary, markets, suburbs
