[WEEK-03] Reflective Learning

Question 1

What is reflective practice?

Answer 1

The process of reflecting on ones actions and behaviours to become more skilful in their desired area.

Question 2

What is metacognition?

Answer 2

This is the process of thinking about one’s thinking.

Question 3

How does Nelson (1990) describe metacognition?

Answer 3

Individuals ability to have awareness, knowledge, and control over their cognitive activities.

Question 4

Who developed the competency cube?

Answer 4

Nash and Larkin, 2012.

Question 5

How does the competency cube work?

Answer 5

Works with the assumption that the development of competency overlaps across various developmental stages which are are reliant on the support of the other.

Question 6

Who wrote “The Reflective Practitioner”?

Answer 6

Donald A. Schon.

Question 7

What are three epistemological fundaments of reflective practice?

Answer 7

• Technical rationality vs Professional artistry.
• Tacit knowledge.
• Know-how,

Question 8

What do we mean by “technical rationality vs professional artistry”?

Answer 8

Code of practice leads to regulated methods and solutions VS unique, unpredictable conflicts and negotiations lead to a formalised reflection.

Question 9

What do we mean by “tacit knowledge” and who introduced this fundament?

Answer 9

Ryle and Polanyi (2002) - suggest we can internally know more than what we can outwardly tell and express (our assumptions reveal themselves in our behaviour).

Question 10

What do we mean by “know-how” and who introduced this fundament?

Answer 10

Dewey (1993) - suggests that action extends thinking. Thinking does not necessarily always come before action and we can learn from doing/engaging in action.

Question 11

What two concepts did Schon introduce in 1992?

Answer 11

• Reflection-in-action.
• Reflection-on-action.

Question 12

What is meant by “reflection-in-action”?

Answer 12

This refers to our immediate reactions and thinking that occurs when we are involved in new experiences.

Question 13

What is meant by “reflection-on-action”?

Answer 13

This refers to our reflection that occurs after the event has taken place, and usually requires more time and critical thinking.

Question 14

Who introduced double loop learning?

Answer 14

Schon, 1992.

Question 15

What is double loop learning?

Answer 15

Mindset leads to Action.
Action leads to results.
Reflection on results leads to a change in action and a change in mindset.
Cycle repeats.

Question 16

How can an individual be defined in terms of a group?

Answer 16

The individual can be conceptualised as an element of a group or the group can be conceptualised depending on the individuals that compose it.

Question 17

What does reflection as a group practice allow? (Rania, Coppola and Pinna, 2021).

Answer 17

• More competent analysis.
• Reflect on behaviours.
• Interpretation and processing.
• Self-reflection.
• Change.
• Raise awareness.
• Importance of the group.

Question 18

What did Tracey et al, 2014, find against reflective practice?

Answer 18

They found that we acquire expertise on a subject when feedback is immediate rather than delayed.

Question 19

What did Hansen & Pronin, 2012, find against reflective practice?

Answer 19

They found that there are implicit biases on the causes of behaviour.

Question 20

What did Dunning, 2011, find against reflective practice?

Answer 20

The Dunning-Kruger effect.

Question 21

What is the Dunning-Kruger effect?

Answer 21

This is when an individuals lack of knowledge and skills in a certain area result in them overestimating their own competence, as well as the opposite effect with high performers where they may underestimate their competence.