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Y Physiology I > Week 01 Fluid Compartments, Transport Processes > Flashcards

Week 01 Fluid Compartments, Transport Processes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the sodium concentration of ECF?

A

135-147 mM

or just…

140 mM

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2
Q

What is the potassium conc. of ECF?

A

3.5 - 5.0 mM

or just…

4.0 mM

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3
Q

What is the calcium ion conc. of the ECF?

A

2.1 - 2.8 mM

or just…

2.5 mM

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4
Q

What is the chloride ion conc. of the ECF?

A

95-105 mM

or just…

100 mM

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5
Q

What is the bicarbonate ion conc. of ECF?

A

22-28 mM

or just…

25 mM

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6
Q

What is the osmolarity of the ECF?

A

290 mOsm

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7
Q

What is the pH of the ECF?

A

7.38-7.42

or just…

7.4

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8
Q

What was the given example of negative feedback control in the body?

What monitors this parameter?

What controls it and how?

A

Control of extracellular potassium ion concentration

  • monitored by the glomerulosa cells of the adrenal gland
  • controlled by aldosterone secreted by glomerulosa cells, which act on nephrons to increase K+ ion secretion which decreases K+ concentration
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9
Q

What are the 4 main types of control mechanisms and examples of each?

A
  1. Negative Feedback - homeostasis control mechanisms​
  2. Positive Feedback - increase of activation (ovulation, uterine contractions, gated ion channels)
  3. Servo-control Mechanisms - set-point has been changed (fever, exercise)
  4. Feed-forward Control - effector is disturbed (thermo- and osmoregulation)
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10
Q

What is the Na concentration of ICF?

A

10-15 mM

or just…

12 mM

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11
Q

What is the K concentration of the ICF?

A

120-150 mM

or just…

135 mM

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12
Q

What is the Ca ion concentration of ICF?

A

100 nM

(note this is NANOmolar… not millimolar)

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13
Q

What is the chloride ion concentration of the ICF?

A

20-30 mM

or just…

25 mM

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14
Q

What is the bicarbonate (HCO3-) ion concentration of the ICF?

A

12 - 16 mM

or just…

15 mM

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15
Q

What is the intracellular osmolarity?

A

290 mOsm

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16
Q

What is the pH of ICF?

A

7.2

17
Q

How is the total body fluid (in liters) of an adult of a certain weight (in kg) determined?

What are the compartments this is broken up into and how is the volume of fluid in each calculated?

A

Total Body Fluid = 0.6 x body weight

  • Extracellular Fluid: 0.2 x body weight
    • Blood Plasma: 0.25 of ECF (so 0.25 x 0.2 x body weight)
    • Interstitial Fluid: 0.75 of ECF (so 0.75 x 0.2 x bodyweight)
  • Intracellular Fluid: 0.4 x body weight
18
Q

Where are the transcellular fluids of the body found?

generally and specifically

A

Within epithelial cell-lined spaces

such as…

  • Ocular fluid
  • Cerebrospinal fluid
  • Synovial fluid
  • Peritoneal cavity fluid
  • Pleural cavity fluid
19
Q

What are the 3 main classes of membrane lipids?

A
  1. Phospholipids
  2. Glycolipids
  3. Cholesterol
20
Q

What are the outer membrane phosopholipids?

One has a special function. Which one and what is the function?

A

Phosphatidylcholine + Sphingomyelin

Sphingomyelin contributes to lipid rafts.

21
Q

What are the inner membrane phospholipids?

One has a special function. Which one and what is the function?

A

Phosphatidylethanolamine

Phosphatidylserine

Phosphatidylinositol - signal transduction

22
Q

Where is cholesterol found in the cell membrane and what is its function?

A

Both outer and inner membrane

  • functions in membrane fluidity and lipid rafts
23
Q

What is the main membrane glycolipid, its location and function?

A

Gylcosylphosphatidyl-inositol

  • outer membrane
  • functions as a protein anchor
24
Q

What are the the 3 classes of membrane proteins?

A
  1. Integral Membrane Proteins - transmembrane proteins
  2. Lipid-Anchored Proteins​- lipid modification (palmitoylation) + GPI-bound proteins​
  3. Peripheral Proteins
25
Q

What are the main functions of plasma membrane proteins?

A
  1. Transport - selective molecule transport
  2. Recognition - cell recognition via surface antigens
  3. Communication - via membrane receptors
  4. Organization - tissue organization via adhesion
  5. Enzymes - enzymatically active mebrane proteins
  6. Shape - cell shaping via cytoskeletal linkages

T R C O E S…. remember “turqouise”

Y Physiology I (17 decks)

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