Week 01 Fluid Compartments, Transport Processes Flashcards
What is the sodium concentration of ECF?
135-147 mM
or just…
140 mM
What is the potassium conc. of ECF?
3.5 - 5.0 mM
or just…
4.0 mM
What is the calcium ion conc. of the ECF?
2.1 - 2.8 mM
or just…
2.5 mM
What is the chloride ion conc. of the ECF?
95-105 mM
or just…
100 mM
What is the bicarbonate ion conc. of ECF?
22-28 mM
or just…
25 mM
What is the osmolarity of the ECF?
290 mOsm
What is the pH of the ECF?
7.38-7.42
or just…
7.4
What was the given example of negative feedback control in the body?
What monitors this parameter?
What controls it and how?
Control of extracellular potassium ion concentration
- monitored by the glomerulosa cells of the adrenal gland
- controlled by aldosterone secreted by glomerulosa cells, which act on nephrons to increase K+ ion secretion which decreases K+ concentration
What are the 4 main types of control mechanisms and examples of each?
- Negative Feedback - homeostasis control mechanisms
- Positive Feedback - increase of activation (ovulation, uterine contractions, gated ion channels)
- Servo-control Mechanisms - set-point has been changed (fever, exercise)
- Feed-forward Control - effector is disturbed (thermo- and osmoregulation)
What is the Na concentration of ICF?
10-15 mM
or just…
12 mM
What is the K concentration of the ICF?
120-150 mM
or just…
135 mM
What is the Ca ion concentration of ICF?
100 nM
(note this is NANOmolar… not millimolar)
What is the chloride ion concentration of the ICF?
20-30 mM
or just…
25 mM
What is the bicarbonate (HCO3-) ion concentration of the ICF?
12 - 16 mM
or just…
15 mM
What is the intracellular osmolarity?
290 mOsm
What is the pH of ICF?
7.2
How is the total body fluid (in liters) of an adult of a certain weight (in kg) determined?
What are the compartments this is broken up into and how is the volume of fluid in each calculated?
Total Body Fluid = 0.6 x body weight
-
Extracellular Fluid: 0.2 x body weight
- Blood Plasma: 0.25 of ECF (so 0.25 x 0.2 x body weight)
- Interstitial Fluid: 0.75 of ECF (so 0.75 x 0.2 x bodyweight)
- Intracellular Fluid: 0.4 x body weight
Where are the transcellular fluids of the body found?
generally and specifically
Within epithelial cell-lined spaces
such as…
- Ocular fluid
- Cerebrospinal fluid
- Synovial fluid
- Peritoneal cavity fluid
- Pleural cavity fluid
What are the 3 main classes of membrane lipids?
- Phospholipids
- Glycolipids
- Cholesterol
What are the outer membrane phosopholipids?
One has a special function. Which one and what is the function?
Phosphatidylcholine + Sphingomyelin
Sphingomyelin contributes to lipid rafts.
What are the inner membrane phospholipids?
One has a special function. Which one and what is the function?
Phosphatidylethanolamine
Phosphatidylserine
Phosphatidylinositol - signal transduction
Where is cholesterol found in the cell membrane and what is its function?
Both outer and inner membrane
- functions in membrane fluidity and lipid rafts
What is the main membrane glycolipid, its location and function?
Gylcosylphosphatidyl-inositol
- outer membrane
- functions as a protein anchor
What are the the 3 classes of membrane proteins?
- Integral Membrane Proteins - transmembrane proteins
- Lipid-Anchored Proteins- lipid modification (palmitoylation) + GPI-bound proteins
- Peripheral Proteins
