Week 01 Flashcards
Intron to Mother Baby and Electronic Fetal Monitoring (EFM)
non-stress test (NST)
assess fetal well-being, uses external monitoring, noninvasive, 20 minutes
ultrasound
external monitor to monitor contractions
tocodynamometer (TOCO)
external monitor to monitor contractions
fetal scalp electrode
internal monitor to monitor fetal heart rate
intrauterine pressure catheter
internal monitor to monitor contractions
oxygenation during contractions
blood flow through uterus decreases > blood flow from uterus to placenta decreases > decreased oxygen to fetus > healthy fetus should be able to tolerate
baseline FHR
average heart rate over 10 minutes
variability FHR
beat to beat change in the FHR
absent variability
0 BPM change
minimal variability
1-5 BPM change
moderate variability
6-25 bpm change
marked variability
25+ BPM change
what is the desired variability
moderate variability
deceleration
short-term, but clear decrease in FHR
what are the 3 types of deceleration
early, variable, late
early deceleration
lines up with contraction
variable deceleration
V shaped, after contraction
late deceleration
right after contraction
category 1
- FHR 110-160
- moderate variability
- no deceleration
- accelerations are present
category 2
- tachycardia or bradycardia with good variability
- minimal or absent variability without deceleration
- early deceleration
- acceleration can be absent or present
category 3
- tachycardia or bradycardia
- no variability
- recent deceleration
- sinusoidal
uterine resuscitation
- IV fluid bolus (500-1000 mL LR)
- maternal position changes
- left lateral tilt
- oxygen at 10 L via non-rebreather
- turn off pitocin
cervical change effacement
0-100
cervical change dilation
1-10
S.M.A.R.T
S: specific
M: measurable
A: attainable
R: realistic
T: timely
beneficence
patients best intrest
nonmaleficence
do no harm
respect for autonomy
right to make their own decision
justice
fair and equal treatment for everyone
fidelity
keeping your word
veracity
being truthful with your patient
accountability
accepting responsibility for one’s actions
ethical issues
abortion, forced contraception, fertility treatments, adoptions, genetic testing, substance abuse, personal beliefs, human rights
legal issues
EMTALA, informed consent, confidentiality, exceptions, reportable laws, HIPAA
trusting relatioship
therapeutic communication, listening, open communication, no judgement, human trafficking
nuclear family
a family unit made up of two parents and their children, usually living in the same home
extended family
a family that extends beyond the nuclear family, including grandparents, aunts, uncles, and other relatives, who all live nearby or in one household
cohabitation family
a family unit made up of people who live together in an intimate relationship but are not married
family of origin
the family a person grows up with, which can include biological or adoptive family members
family of choice
a group of people bound by intentional and chosen relationships with a focus on mutual love, trust, and commitment
characteristics of family centered care
inclusive, normal, supportive, advocate
family centered care
respect, support, encourage, teach, ask questions
culture
- view of the world and a set of traditions used by specific social groups
- transmitted from one generation to the next
- influences, beliefs, language, time, personal space, and view of the world
- learned from family and community
- reflected in childbearing and child rearing beliefs and practices
culturally competent care
interpreters, rationales, integrate patient traditions, involve family members, ask questions
culture considerations
communication patterns, feeding practices, decision-makers, destiny, cleanliness, right to healthcare, self-sufficiency, late prenatal care, use of herbs, circumcised, delayed naming, breastfeeding, male caregivers, placenta, limited nourishment, augmentation, birth companions
What is the purpose of a Non-stress test (NST)?
Assess fetal well-being using external monitoring for 20 minutes
Non-invasive method to monitor fetal health.
What are Leopold’s Maneuvers used for?
To assess fetal position and presentation
A systematic method of palpation.
What does an ultrasound do in fetal monitoring?
Monitors fetal heart rate externally
Utilizes sound waves to visualize the fetus.
What is the function of a tocodynamometer (Toco)?
Monitors uterine contractions externally
Measures the tension of the uterus.
What is the role of a fetal scalp electrode?
Monitors fetal heart rate internally
Provides continuous heart rate data.
What does an intrauterine pressure catheter monitor?
Monitors contractions internally
Measures the pressure within the uterus.
What happens to oxygenation during contractions?
Blood flow through the uterus decreases, reducing oxygen to the fetus
A healthy fetus should tolerate this decrease.
Define baseline fetal heart rate.
Average heart rate over 10 minutes
Key indicator of fetal well-being.
What is variability in fetal heart rate?
Beat-to-beat change in the fetal heart rate
Important for assessing fetal health.
What constitutes an acceleration in fetal heart rate?
Increase in fetal heart rate by 15 bpm lasting 15 seconds
Indicates fetal well-being.
What is a deceleration in fetal heart rate?
Short-term but clear decrease in fetal heart rate
Can indicate fetal distress.
What are the three types of decelerations?
Early, variable, late
Each type indicates different fetal responses.
Define prolonged deceleration.
A decrease in fetal heart rate lasting longer than 2 minutes
Indicates significant fetal compromise.
What characterizes a sinusoidal pattern in fetal heart rate?
Smooth, wavelike pattern without variability
Can indicate severe fetal distress.
What defines Category 1 in fetal heart rate tracing?
FHR 110-160, moderate variability, no deceleration, accelerations present
Indicates normal fetal status.
What does Category 2 indicate in fetal heart rate tracing?
Tachycardia or bradycardia with good variability, minimal or absent variability without decelerations
Requires continued monitoring.
What are the characteristics of Category 3 in fetal heart rate tracing?
Bradycardia or tachycardia, no variability, recent decelerations, sinusoidal pattern
Indicates abnormal fetal status.
What is uterine resuscitation?
Interventions to improve fetal oxygenation
Includes IV fluid bolus, maternal position changes, and oxygen administration.
What is effacement in the context of cervical change?
Thinning of the cervix, measured from 0-100%
Important indicator of labor progression.
What does cervical dilation measure?
Openness of the cervix, measured from 1-10 cm
Critical for determining labor progress.
