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SEM 2 Nutrition > Week 01 > Flashcards

Week 01 Flashcards

1
Q

Macronutrients includes (4)?

A

CHO, Fat, Protein, H2O

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2
Q

Micronutrients includes (3)?

A

Vitamins, minerals, trace elements

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3
Q

The 3 simple sugars are?

A

glucose, fructose, galactose

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4
Q

How do you determine what type of CHO it is?

A

number of CHO units

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5
Q

monosaccharides and disaccharides are ____ sugars/CHO

A

simple

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6
Q

oligosaccharides and polysaccharides are ____ sugars/CHO

A

complex

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7
Q

Simple fat (1)?

A

triglycerides

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8
Q

Compound fats (2)?

A

phospholipids, lipoproteins

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9
Q

Derived lipids (1)?

A

cholesterol

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10
Q

2 large fat stores?

A

adipose tissue, intramuscular fat (IMTG)

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11
Q

There are ___ amino acids total

A

20

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12
Q

___ amino acids can be synthesized so are _____

A

11, non essential

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13
Q

___ amino acids cannot be synthesized so are ____

A

9, essential

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14
Q

Micronutrients include (3)?

A

vitamins, minerals, trace elements

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15
Q

Excess sodiums affects…

A

the kidneys ability to regulate fluid intake -> can lead to BP elevation

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16
Q

Phytonutrients are …

A

natural compounds found in plant foods

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17
Q

carotenoids and polyphenol are…

A

plant based molecules

18
Q

carotenoids and polyphenol have…

A

antioxidant and anti inflammatory effects

19
Q

Salivary amylase breaksdown CHO and _____ into ____

A

polysaccharide into maltose

20
Q

What are the 3 functions of the stomach?

A

storage, gastric mixing, mucous secretions (into chyme)

21
Q

What breaks down food in the stomach?

A

Hydrochloric acid

22
Q

Acid in the stomach changes ____ into ____

A

pepsinogen into pepsin

23
Q

______ breaks down proteins in food during digestion

A

pepsin

24
Q

3 parts of the small intestine?

A

duodenum, jejenum, and ileum

25
Q

Where does most absorption take place during digestion?

A

small intestine (duodenum and jejenum)

26
Q

How does the food move along the tract?

A

Through peristaltic contractions

27
Q

Saliva contains (7)?

A
  • Amylases
  • mucoid proteins
  • Bicarbonate
  • Electrolytes
  • Lysozymes
  • Lingual lipase
  • Protein antibodies
28
Q

Describe digestion of CHO…

A

Occurs initially in the mouth (amylase) at a rapid rate, slows down in the stomach, then increases rapidly in the small intestine (excluding fibre)

29
Q

Describe the digestion of fat…

A

fat digestion occurs initially in the mouth (lingual lipase), slows in the stomach and intestine

30
Q

Digestion of protein only occurs in the…

A

stomach and small intestine (proteases)

31
Q

_____ is the process by which digested food is transported across the wall of the intestine and into circulation

A

absorption

32
Q

2 ways absorption occurs..

A

simple diffusion or active transport

33
Q

The emptying process can take …

A

1-4 hours

34
Q

Stomach and SI emptying is affected by…. (10)

A
  • amount of chyme
  • neural response to stretching
  • hormones
  • psychological stress
  • gender
  • volume of food and fluid
  • energy density of food
  • osmolarity (higher = slower)
  • body temperature and food temp
  • exercise
35
Q

Actin filaments are made of…?

A

strand of troponin complex and tropomyosin and actin

36
Q

Myosin filaments are made of…?

A

globular head and myosin molecule

37
Q

Explain the process of excitation contraction coupling

A
  1. Nerve impulse (action potential)
  2. CA2+ released
  3. Ca2+ binds to troponin
  4. Conformational change in actin-tropomyosin complex
  5. Actin-myosin binding (release of ADP and Pi)
  6. Muscle contraction (power stroke of cross bridge cycling)
  7. ATP binds to Myosin, broken down to ADP + Pi
  8. If Ca2+ still present, will continue contraction cycling
  9. Relaxation - Ca2+ stops release
38
Q

Muscle fibre types are categorized according to…

A

contraction speed and metabolic characteristics

39
Q

Endergonic reactions…

A

require energy to be driven

40
Q

Exergonic reactions…

A

releases free energy

41
Q

Phosphocreatine system requires __ enzyme(s) and is the most ___ system

A

1 enzyme, immediate

42
Q

Adenylate Kinase is an essential housekeeping enzyme that controls…

A

controls the energy balance in cells by catalyzing the reversible interconversion of ATP and AMP into two ADP molecules

SEM 2 Nutrition (11 decks)

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