Week 0 Gait Cycle

Question 1

Joint angles at Initial contact

Answer 1

HIP: 25 Flexion
Knee: Neutral ( 5 flexion)
Ankle: Plantargrade
Pelvis: 5 forwards

Question 2

Joint angles at Loading response

Answer 2

HIP: 25 Flexion
Knee: 15 flexion
Ankle: 10 Plantarflexion
Pelvis: 5 forwards

Question 3

Joint angles at Mid stance

Answer 3

HIP: Neutral
Knee: Neutral (5-0 flexion)
Ankle:5 Dorsiflexion
Pelvis: Neutral + lat pelvic tilt (higher stance side)

Question 4

Joint angles at Terminal Stance

Answer 4

HIP:20 Extension
Knee:0 Extension
Ankle:10 Dorsiflexion
MTP joints: 30 extension
Pelvis:Backwards

Question 5

Joint angles at Preswing

Answer 5

HIP:Neutral
Knee:40 Flexion
Ankle:20 Plantarflexion
MTP joints: 60 extension
Pelvis:Backwards

Question 6

Joint angles at Initial Swing

Answer 6

HIP: 15 flexion
Knee: 60 flexion
Ankle: 10 plantarflexion towards neutral
Pelvis: towards Neutral

Question 7

Joint angles at Mid Swing

Answer 7

HIP: 25 Flexion
Knee: 15 Flexion
Ankle: Plantargrade
Pelvis: Neutral +lat pelvic tilt(lower swinging limb side)

Question 8

Joint angles at Terminal Swing

Answer 8

HIP: 20 Flexion
Knee: Neutral (5 flexion)
Ankle: Plantargrade
Pelvis: Forwards

Question 9

List the phases of gait that are DLS

Answer 9

Initial contact
Loading response
Preswing

Question 10

When is potential energy of COM highest

When is kinetic energy of COM highest

Answer 10

Greatest Potential energy During MIDSTANCE (SLS)
Greatest Kinetic energy During DBL LIMB SUPPORT
(IC , LR, Psw)

Question 11

When is VERTICAL and LATERAL displacement highest and lowest during gait

Answer 11

Vertical Dispiacement
LOWEST - Double limb support
HIGHEST- Midstance (sls)

Lateral Displacement
HIGHEST- Midstance & Midswing
*when the body must shift from 1 foot to another

Question 12

Heel, Ankle & Forefoot Rocker
Fulcrum at each stage?
what gait stage do they occur at?

Answer 12

Heel rocker- During loading response
Heel= fulcrum

Ankle rocker-During midstance
Ankle= Fulcrum

Forefoot rocker- During terminal stance
Forefoot/metatarsal heads = fulcrum

Question 13

List 4 ways in which displacement of COM is reduced during gait:

Answer 13

During DOUBLE LEG STANCE:
Transverse plane rotation of pelvis-
- ^ stride length t/f lowers COM

Inverted T of foot-Leg-
-^ stride length t/f lowers COM

During SINGLE LEG STANCE:
Knee flexion— lowers COM

Lateral pelvic tilt in stance

Question 14

List main features of Gait Cycle

Answer 14

Initial contact   IC
Loading Response IC-OT
Midstance OT-HR
Terminal stance {Heel off} HR-OI
Preswing {Toe off}              OI-TO
Initial swing {Feet together}TO-FA
Midswing FA-TV
Terminal Swing TV-IC

Question 15

Muscles working

Initial contact

Answer 15

Hip extensors
Knee co-contraction
Dorsiflexors isometrically

Question 16

Muscles working

Loading response

Answer 16

Hip extensors eccentrically
Quadriceps eccentrically
Dorsiflexors eccentrically

Question 17

Muscles working

Midstance

Answer 17

Hip extensors concentrically
Quadriceps concentrically
Plantarflexors Eccentrically

Question 18

Muscles working

Terminal stance

Answer 18

Hip flexors Eccentrically

Plantarflexors Eccentrically

Question 19

Muscles working

Preswing

Answer 19

Hip passive
Knee passive
Plantarflexors concentrically

Question 20

Muscles working

Initial swing

Answer 20

Hip flexors concentrically
Passive knee
Dorsiflexors concentrically

Question 21

Muscles working

Midswing

Answer 21

Hip flexors Concentrically (Fading)
Knee passive
Dorsiflexors concentrically

Question 22

Muscles working

Terminal swing

Answer 22

Hip extensors Eccentrically
Hamstrings Eccentrically
Dorsiflexors Isometrically

Question 23

What is the average step length?
for males
for females

Answer 23

72
Males 74-77
Females 63-67

Question 24

What is the average step width?

Answer 24

7-9 cm

Question 25

What is the average stride time?

Answer 25

half a second to complete one stride(gait cyle)

Question 26

What is the average walking speed?

Answer 26

1.37 steps per min or 5km/h