Wednesday Dec. 2 Flashcards
Vicksburg
- Grant in west
- seizing Vicksburg
- start running out of supplies.
- Lee
- relocate to North territory (Gettysburg)
- why? supplies of population; get shoes for soldiers
Gettysburg, PA
- Turning point of the war
- Union retreats to higher ground
- 3 days
- Grant, charges north straight into cannons of confederates
- Lee uses 20,000 troops for that charge
- Lee retreats, (South knows its over for them)
Continued
- Grant marches south
- northern advantage of population: replace wounded
- Sherman’s March to the Sea
- Start in Tennessee to Atlanta, “total war”
- burn Atlanta then Savannah
- Lee surrounded by Grant’s army
- April 9th, 1965 surrendered
- Conclusion: 620,000 deaths (diseases, dying of wounds)
- 4 million emancipated slaves
- Does a state have the right to leave the Union?
Reconstruction: Describe the period after civil war, when southern states transition back to the Union
Players in Government:
Northerners divided: Moderates and Radicals
- Radicals: punish south;political power over south
- Moderates: amicable relationship; smooth transition;
Southerners divided: Southern Democrats (slave owners) and Freedmen (former slaves)
Democrats: much political power as much as they can
Freedmen: citizen rights, what is the outlook for them
Status of state government in the South?
- treason?
- will new people run those states?
Wade-Davis Bill
- Bill by radical republicans in north to punish south
- Lincoln is moderate, “South never left= unconstitutional”
- promote rapid restoration
- promotes 10% plan (states sign oath of loyalty)
- no one knows how this goes b/c assassinated
- congress have the right to reject these representatives
-Congress vs. Executive Branch for control
Johnson (Lincoln’s VP) assassinator got cold feet
Seward (secretary of state) did not get killed either
Plans for reconstruction
Andrew Johnson:
- moderate
- starts to be radical but then moderate
- former slave owner= wasn’t rich
- pushes against radical republicans in congress
- veto bills sent to him
- abolish slavery
- freeman suffrage (black had military or education)
- enfranchise black voters
- disfranchise southern voters
- switch political situation
Lead to impeachment: what president can do, when selecting member of his cabinet
-he holds onto presidency
Compromise 1877
- Johnson is finished
- Election: southern democratic and northern republican fight
- Democrats not contest election: if republican back of with construction
Does Reconstruction work?
Amendments
-13 (abolish slavery),14 (citizenship),15 (vote without color requirement)
Share Cropping
- wage labor in south
- grow as much as you can
- pay tax to use land and then get profit from crops
South Respond:
Segregation (Jim Crow misconception) (1890s)
- things being organized by race
Black codes:
- the right to own property= gone
- equality and freedom of southern blacks gone
KKK
- club of pranksters
- “ghost”
- turned in a way south to retake power
- change things through violence
- ballots: take charge through threats
- President Grant= crushed them in 19th century
- come back in 20th century
- 1970 kill jewish population as well as black population
