wed test Flashcards
conceptual skills
Skills that involve the ability to picture the organization as a whole and the relationships among its various parts.
technical skills
Skills that involve the ability to perform tasks in a specific discipline or department.
human relation skills
Skills that involve communication and motivation; they enable managers to work through and with people.
top management
Highest level of management, consisting of the president and other key company executives who develop strategic plans.
staffing
A management function that includes hiring, motivating, and retaining the best people available to accomplish the company’s objectives.
planning
A management function that includes anticipating trends and determining the best strategies and tactics to achieve organizational goals and objectives.
organizing
A management function that includes designing the structure of the organization and creating conditions and systems in which everyone and everything work together to achieve the organization’s goals and objectives.
leading
Creating a vision for the organization and guiding, training, coaching, and motivating others to work effectively to achieve the organization’s goals and objectives.
controlling
A management function that involves establishing clear standards to determine whether or not an organization is progressing toward its goals and objectives, rewarding people for doing a good job, and taking corrective action if they are not.
vision
An encompassing explanation of why the organization exists and where it’s trying to head.
mission statement
An outline of the fundamental purposes of an organization.
goals
The broad, long-term accomplishments an organization wishes to attain.
objectives
Specific, short-term statements detailing how to achieve the organization’s goals.
SWOT analysis
A planning tool used to analyze an organization’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
strategic planning
The process of determining the major goals of the organization and the policies and strategies for obtaining and using resources to achieve those goals.
tactical planning
The process of developing detailed, short-term statements about what is to be done, who is to do it, and how it is to be done.
operational planning
The process of setting work standards and schedules necessary to implement the company’s tactical objectives.
contingency planning
The process of preparing alternative courses of action that may be used if the primary plans don’t achieve the organization’s objectives.
6 steps of making decisions
- define the situation
- describe and collect information
- develop alternatives
- decide which alternative is best
- do what is indicated (implementation)
- determine if the decision was good
brainstorming
Coming up with as many solutions to a problem as possible in a short period of time with no censoring of ideas.
PMI
Listing all the pluses for a solution in one column, all the minuses in another, and the implications in a third column.
transparency
The presentation of a company’s facts and figures in a way that is clear and apparent to all stakeholders.
controlling consists of five steps
- establish clear standards
- monitor and record performance
- compare results against standards
- communicate results
- take corrective action
external customers
end users and people who buy products to resell
internal customers
Individuals and units within the firm that receive services from other individuals or units.
economies of scale
The situation in which companies can reduce their production costs if they can purchase raw materials in bulk; the average cost of goods goes down as production levels increase.
Who is Henri Fayol and what did he do
he was an economic theoretician who published a book called General and Industrial management
what were fayol’s principles
unity of command, hierarchy of authority, division of labor, subordination of interests, authority, degree of centralization, clear communication channels, order, equity, loyality
Who was Max weber and what was his theory
wrote the book “The theory of social and economic organizations”
he promoted an organizational structure composed of middle managers who implement the orders of top managers . He believed that less educated workers best worked if managers gave them strict rules and monitored their performance
chain of command
The line of authority that moves from the top of a hierarchy to the lowest level.
bureaucracy
An organization with many layers of managers who set rules and regulations and oversee all decisions.
centralized authority
An organizational structure in which decision-making authority is maintained at the top level of management at the company’s headquarters.
decentralized authority
An organizational structure in which decision-making authority is delegated to lower-level managers more familiar with local conditions than headquarters management could be.
span of control
The optimum number of subordinates a manager supervises or should supervise.
tall organizational
An organizational structure in which the pyramidal organization chart would be quite tall because of the various levels of management.
flat organizational structures
An organizational structure that has few layers of management and a broad span of control.
departmentalization
The dividing of organizational functions into separate units.
line organization
An organization that has direct two-way lines of responsibility, authority, and communication running from the top to the bottom of the organization, with all people reporting to only one supervisor.
line personnel
Employees who are part of the chain of command that is responsible for achieving organizational goals.
staff personnel
Employees who advise and assist line personnel in meeting their goals.
matrix organization
An organization in which specialists from different parts of the organization are brought together to work on specific projects but still remain part of a line-and-staff structure.
cross functional self managed teams
Groups of employees from different departments who work together on a long-term basis.
