)Web Development (Web, HTML, CSS) Flashcards
WWW stands for
world wide web
WWW is a
system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via internet
how do users access web pages
using web browsers
4 key history facts of WWW
1970s early use of internet but government and unis
1989 tim lee invented WWW
1990 first web server and broswer
1993 HTML introduced
internet
global network of interconnected computers and servers that communicate with each other using standardized protocols
encompass all hardware and software
underlying infrastructure
steps when visiting a website
1) user action
user requests a webpage by typing in URL in address bar, clicking form etc
2) DNS lookup
browser uses DNS to find IP address of server and make connection
3) HTTP request
browser sends an HTTP request to web server at that IP address to request HTML document
4)HTTP response
server processes request and sends back an HTTP response which includes requested HTML document
5) HTML parser
browser uses HTML parser to read the HTML document
client server model
client sends request to server
server responds with data
servers can respond to multiple clients
web uses ____ to access ____ and ___
internet
serves and clients
internet is the __ vs web __
underlying infrastructure
uses internet to access servers and clients
URL
specifies domain (web server) and file path(requested path)
absolute URL
links to different domains
relative URL
links to the same domain
how do users request a webpage
by typing in URL in address bar
HTTP
hypertext transfer protocol
request response protocol where client requests data from server
HTTP request and components
browser sends HTTP request to server @IP address asking for HTML document
protocol (http/https)
domain name
port #
filepath
what does server send when browser sends HTTP request
status code
web browser
browser fetches HTML, CSS, JS then renders them into a single page
what happens when you go to visit a website?
1) user action
2) DNS lookup: browser contacts DNS server to translate domain name into IP address
3) browser makes a TCP/IP connection with that IP address
4) browser sends HTTP request over this connection
5) server searches for requested resource
6) HTTP response is sent with HTML document if found
7) HTML parser is used to read HTML document
client side
operations or processing that occur on the user’s device (the client) rather than on a central server
HTML
hypertext markup language
declarative language
structured text designed for hypertext web pages
DOM
document object model
tree structure representing HTML pages
describes logical structure of a webpage
represents doc at tree structure
accessibility and HTML
write HTML with accessibility in mind and ensure content is accessible to all users
- inclusive design
- legal requirements
- increased performance in SE
3 ways to make ur HTML more accessible
alternative text <img=”” alt=”image of penguin” >
support for screen readers and test with voiceover
ARIA (accessible rich internet applications) landmarks define regions of a webpage to increase navigation for assisted technology
DOC Flow 2 types
block (top to bottom and expand full width)
inline (left to right, width fits content)
layouts 2 types
flex
grid
static positioning
default
relative positioning
retains its space in the doc flow
absolute positioning
relative to nearest parent
parent and child for positioning
relative for parent
absolute for child
fixed positioning
relative to viewpoint (doesn’t move when scroll)
best practice
modular CSS with block element modifier and performance considerations (could remove spacing
Code that runs in the browser ___ and what does it let you do
JS and lets you do things like filters to change the page view without reloading by accessing the DO
