Web Accessibility Principles Flashcards
What does POUR stand for?
Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, Robust
What are the 4 guidelines for web content to be perceivable?
- Provide text alternatives for non-text content.
- Provide captions and other alternatives for multimedia.
- Create content that can be presented in different ways, including by assistive technologies, without losing meaning.
- Make it easier for users to see and hear content.
What are the 5 guidelines for web content to be operable?
- Make all functionality available from a keyboard.
- Give users enough time to read and use content.
- Do not use content that causes seizures or physical reactions.
- Help users navigate and find content.
- Make it easier to use inputs other than a keyboard.
What are the 3 guidelines for web content to be understandable?
- Make text readable and understandable.
- Make content appear and operate in predictable ways.
- Help users avoid and correct mistakes.
What is the guideline for web content to be robust?
Maximize compatibility with current and future user tools.
What is the definition of perceivability?
Perceivability is about making the output of web content available through multiple sensory modalities.
Relevant senses to web accessibility are sight, sound, and touch.
What is the most universally accessible digital format?
Digital text is the most universally accessible format available because it can be converted into all of the other useful sensory formats. It solves the perceivability problem for people who are blind, people who are deaf, and people who are both blind and deaf.
How to hide alt text in HTML
Hide the text in the “alt” attribute of the “img” tag.
How to make dynamic content perceivable
You need to announce these things via digital text. Blind users won’t know when tabs expand or collapse unless this change of state is announced to them. Two ideas:
- You can use ARIA (“Accessible Rich Internet Applications”) to announce when a tab is “expanded” or “collapsed.”
- You can use an ARIA live region to announce new content as it is inserted into the DOM (Document Object Model).
Perceivability of new content injected into a page, such as an error message or a confirmation message
Blind users need to hear this information. ARIA’s live regions can be used for this purpose, or you can move the browser’s focus to those areas to force screen readers to read them. Either approach can be appropriate depending on the circumstances and the overall functionality of the interface.
How to make sure users know what’s on the web page
Make all content and functionality available through sight, sound, and touch. Digital text, whether visible or hidden (using valid accessibility techniques) is the most universal method of accomplishing the broadest perceivability.
What is operability?
Operability is about making the input methods of web content functionally available to a wide range of input devices, including:
1. Mouse or touchpad
2. Keyboard
3. Touchscreen
4. Voice recognition software
5. Other specialized input devices (most of which emulate the keyboard or mouse)
All features–particularly navigation and dynamic or interactive components–must be functional, no matter what input device a person is using. Otherwise it is essentially broken for that user.
In, Within, Through, and Out
You have to be able to navigate into web components, use the features within them, navigate through them, and navigate out of all of them, no mater what input device you’re using.
Is plain web content operable?
Plain web content without any scripting or dynamic features is mostly device-independent by default. It gets trickier when you start creating dynamic interactions with scripts.
