weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition

Question 1

what is geomorphic processes

Answer 1

changing the shape of a landscape and creating landforms over a long period of time

Question 2

what are 4 examples of geomorphic processes

Answer 2

weathering, erosion, deposition, transportation

Question 3

what is mechanical weathering

Answer 3

breakdown of rock without changing its chemical composition

Question 4

how does freeze- thaw weathering break up rock

Answer 4

1. when temperature alternates below and above 0 degrees Celsius
   2.water gets into rock that has cracks
2. when water freezes it expands, putting pressure on the rock
   4.this released pressure and widens cracks causing rock to break up

Question 5

what is salt weathering

Answer 5

build-up of salt crystals deposited in cracks by waves

Question 6

what is chemical weathering

Answer 6

breakdown of rock by changing its chemical composition

Question 7

describe the process of chemical weathering

Answer 7

1.rainwater has CO2 dissolved in it which makes it a weak carbonic acid
2.this acid reacts with rock that contains calcium carbonate

Question 8

what is biological weathering

Answer 8

breakdown of rocks by living things
eg. plants roots grow into cracks pushing them apart

Question 9

what is weathering

Answer 9

physical, biological or chemical breakdown of rocks by the weather

Question 10

what is mass movement

Answer 10

the movement of weathered rocks/soil down slopes under the force of gravity

Question 11

when are mass movements more likely to happen

Answer 11

when the material is full of water- it acts as a lubricant making it heavier

Question 12

what increases the chance of mass movement

Answer 12

undercutting of a slope by erosion

Question 13

what are the 2 types of mass movement

Answer 13

slides and slumps

Question 14

what are the 4 processes and erosion

Answer 14

hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, solution

Question 15

what is hydraulic action

Answer 15

waves crash against rock and compresses the air in the cracks, applying pressure which widens the crack and break

Question 16

what is abrasion

Answer 16

sediment thrown against coastal cliffs or river banks wearing them away

Question 17

what is sediment

Answer 17

any material eroded from coastal cliffs or river banks

Question 18

what is attrition

Answer 18

sediment smash into each other and break into smaller fragments

Question 19

what is solution

Answer 19

dissolved carbon dioxide makes sea water acidic which reacts chemically with some rocks

Question 20

what is transportation

Answer 20

the movement of eroded sediment from one place to another

Question 21

describe the process of traction

Answer 21

large particles are pushed along the river bed/sea floor by the force of the water

Question 22

describe the process of saltation

Answer 22

pebble- sized particles are bounced along the river bed/sea floor by the force of the water

Question 23

describe the process of suspension

Answer 23

small particles are carried along by the water

Question 24

describe the process of solution

Answer 24

soluble materials dissolve in the water and are carried along

Question 25

what is deposition

Answer 25

when sediment being transported is dropped due to a reduction of energy

Question 26

when does deposition occur in rivers

Answer 26

-volume of water falls -amount of eroded rock increases -water is shallower -river reaches sea at its mouth

Question 27

what are constructive waves

Answer 27

waves that deposit more material than they erode

Question 28

what are the characteristics of constructive waves

Answer 28

-low frequency -swash is powerful -backwash is weaker- little erosion

Question 29

what is swash and backwash

Answer 29

swash-the movement of water up the beach backwash-the movement of water down the beach

Question 30

when does the amount of material that's deposited on an area coat increase

Answer 30

-lots of erosion, so there's lots of material available -lots of transportation of material into the area