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Science > Weathering, Erosion, Glaciers > Flashcards

Weathering, Erosion, Glaciers Flashcards

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1
Q

The natural process by which atmospheric and environmental agents, such as wind, rain, and temperature changes, break down rocks.

A

Weathering

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2
Q

Pits formed in a rock surface are a result of sulfur and water vapor combining to form…

A

Acid Rain

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3
Q

Evidence for the BEST indication that Massachusetts’ climate has changed over time is found in…

A

Beach Erosion

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4
Q

The two factors that have the biggest impact on the rate of weathering are…

A

Climate & type of rock

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5
Q

These rocks were broken apart from the continuous freeze/thaw of water in the cracks of the rocks. This is an example of:

A

Ice wedging

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6
Q

When rocks are exposed to water, air, and living organisms; chemicals from these can change the minerals in a rock to new minerals or other materials (like rust)

A

Chemical weathering

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7
Q

This produces weak acids to dissolve rock.

A

Plant roots

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8
Q

This type of rock is easily weathered.

A

permeable

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9
Q

Which principle states that Earth’s geological processes tend to happen in the same way today as they did in the past?

A

Uniformitarianism

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10
Q

What is weathering?

A

The breaking down of earths crust into smaller and smaller pieces.

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11
Q

Terrain created by glaciers

A

U-shaped valley

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12
Q

How do plants help reduce soil erosion caused by rain?

A

Plant roots hold soil partials together.

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13
Q

When ice forms, it causes weathering by-

A

Breaking rocks

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14
Q

Flood waters moving soil from one location to another

A

Erosion

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15
Q

What gases dissolve in rain to make acid rain?

A

Sulfur dioxide & nitrogen oxides

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16
Q

Landslides are an example of

A

Mechanical weathering

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17
Q

These landforms are created as flowing water interacts with mountains, hills, or the steep walls of canyons.

A

Alluvial fan

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18
Q

Plant roots can have an effect on rocks with TWO different types of weathering, which are…

A

Roots pry open rocks and crack it.

19
Q

The process in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces by some force

A

Mechanical weathering

20
Q

what is a glacier

A

Large, thick masses of ice that form on land when fallen snow gets compressed into ice.

21
Q

An underground cave formed by carbon and water combining, seeping through the ground to dissolve this stone.

A

Limestone

22
Q

What is the main cause of acid rain?

A

Gasses formed by the burning of fossil fuels

23
Q

After a glacier has receded, an enormous amount of weight has been removed from its surface. A rock surface that breaks of in large, thin layers is experiencing…

A

Release of pressure

24
Q

These two things are responsible for creating MOST of the valleys on Earth.

A

Glaciers & rivers

25
Q

what can glaciers cause

A

Shape landscapes through erosion

26
Q

What is an ice sheet

A

a glacier that cover lots of land.

27
Q

Chemical weathering in a dry and hot climate will occur…

A

Minimally or not at all

28
Q

What is a continental glacier

A

Ice sheets that cover entire continents

29
Q

When sediment is moved from one area to another and a sandy beach is formed, this is known as…

A

deposition

30
Q

What is erosion?

A

The process, by with water, ice, wind, or gravity, moves fragments of rocks and soil.

31
Q

Avalanches are an example of

A

mechanical weathering

32
Q

A kettle is formed when

A

a chunk of ice is left behind from a glacier till and it melts later.

33
Q

Rocks tumbling down a riverbed experience

A

abrasion

34
Q

A chemical change in which a substance combines with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes, forming rust

A

Oxidation

35
Q

what is the definition for glacier till

A

Unsorted glacial sediments

36
Q

abrasion

A

The grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried in water ice or wind.

37
Q

deposition

A

The laying down of sediment carried by wind, flowing water, the sea or ice.

38
Q

Chemical weathering

A

The process that breaks down rocks through chemical changes.

39
Q

Salt wedging

A

When saltwater seeps into rocks and evaporates.

40
Q

Mechanical weathering

A

The type of weathering in which rock is broken into smaller pieces.

41
Q

Contract

A

To reduce in size

42
Q

Glacial erratic

A

The bedrock from which glaciers were removed.

43
Q

Glacial striations

A

Long straight parallel lines scratched onto a bedrock surface

44
Q

Glacial till

A

The sediment deposited by a glacier.

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