weathering, erosion, deposition, and landscapes

Question 1

pysical weathering

Answer 1

the breakdown of rock without changing its chemical composition

Question 2

frost action

Answer 2

when water freezes its expands, so when water freezes and a crack in a rock gets bigger, this is how pot holes form.

Question 3

biological action

Answer 3

animals and plantroots break rock apart

Question 4

abrasion

Answer 4

when sediments in a river bump into each other causing sediments to be round smooth

Question 5

chemical weathering

Answer 5

the breakdown of rock while changing the chemical composition

Question 6

oxidation

Answer 6

when iron minerals in a rock interact with the oxygen in the air it often causes rust

Question 7

hydration

Answer 7

when minerals in a rock interact with the hydrosphere sometimes mineral can dissolve forming caves, caverns, or sink holes

Question 8

mineral composition

Answer 8

harder minerals weather slower than softer minerals

Question 9

particle size

Answer 9

the smaller the particles the faster they weather

Question 10

climate

Answer 10

temperature: warmer temperatures cause a faster weathering rate.

Question 11

chemical weathering

Answer 11

occurs more in warm, humid climates

Question 12

A horizon

Answer 12

topsoil-high organic content and weathered bedrock

Question 13

B horizon

Answer 13

-partially weathered bedrock with some organic material

Question 14

C horizon

Answer 14

partially/slightly weathered rock

Question 15

bedrock

Answer 15

parent material-the solid rock under the soil

Question 16

the two components of soil

Answer 16

weathered bedrock and organic material (humus)

Question 17

the difference between transported soil and residual soil

Answer 17

residual soil forms from the rocks below

transported soil was brought throughout the area by an agent of erosion

Question 18

erosion

Answer 18

the removal of sediment

Question 19

the four natural agents of erosion are:

Answer 19

water, glaciers, wind, gravity

Question 20

gravity causes

Answer 20

mass movements (pulling rocks and sediments downhill)

Question 21

examples of mass movements include:

Answer 21

landslides, soil creep, mud flows and mudslides, rock falls, debris falls, avalanches

Question 22

rocks eroded by gravity appear

Answer 22

jagged and broken

Question 23

deflation occurs when

Answer 23

wind carries away loose sediments and lowers the earth’s surface (this is a problem on farmland)

Question 24

sandblasting

Answer 24

occurs when winds blow sand or silt against other rocks causing the surface of the rock to appear pitted.

Question 25

as a glacier moves over land...

Answer 25

loose rocks and sediments freeze within the ice.

Question 26

rocks within a glacier help the glacier to scratch and carve out the land below producing ...

Answer 26

glacial grooves and parrallel scratches on the rocks called striations.

Question 27

Glacial grooves show...

Answer 27

the direction that the glacier moved.

Question 28

glacial rocks appear

Answer 28

sub-rounded (boat shaped) and or scratched.

Question 29

because waves strike the shore at an angle, the water near shore is pushed in one direction along the shore causing...

Answer 29

longshore current

Question 30

streams as agents of erosion carry sediments

Answer 30

``` In solution (suspension) = floating. by rolling, sliding, or bouncing along the bottom. These sediments appear rounded. ```

Question 31

youthful swift flowing streams

Answer 31

begin in higher elevations, narrow channels, are fairly straight. Waterfalls and rapids are common.

Question 32

mature streams begin to

Answer 32

erode outwards and become wider, current decreases, and curves in the river called meanders form.

Question 33

flood plain

Answer 33

where sediments are deposited during a flood

Question 34

old age

Answer 34

wide, slow moving river with more deposition than erosion, lots of meanders and oxbow lakes.

Question 35

oxbow lake

Answer 35

a cutoff meanderer forms a lake

Question 36

cutbank

Answer 36

when the bank of the stream errodes at a meander

Question 37

sandbar

Answer 37

when deposition occurs along the inside bank of the meander

Question 38

discharge

Answer 38

the volume (amount of water) the stream carries over time.

Question 39

gradient

Answer 39

the slope of the land (how steep or flat the land is)

Question 40

stream channel shape

Answer 40

wide, flat streams have slow moving water whereas narrow streams have fast moving water.

Question 41

deposition

Answer 41

leaving behind of sediments

Question 42

density

Answer 42

sediments with greater density are deposited first

Question 43

size and change in velocity

Answer 43

as velocity decreases, larger sediments are deposited first.

Question 44

shape of sediment

Answer 44

round sediments are deposited before flat ones

Question 45

horizontal sorting

Answer 45

due to changes in gradient, discharge, velocity, or a combination of these

Question 46

delta

Answer 46

occurs when a stream enters a quiet body of water

Question 47

delta has fingerlake deposits of...

Answer 47

fresh, new sediment that has been transported down the stream.

Question 48

vertical sorting

Answer 48

within the river or at the mouth of the river-- the sediments deposit vertically due to changes in gradient, discharge, velocity, or a combination of these

Question 49

sand dune

Answer 49

erosion on windward side (windy) and deposition on leeward (calm) side--sand dune is constantly migrating (moving) (think snow drifts)

Question 50

tallus

Answer 50

a pile of rock debris due to rock falls

Question 51

as a glacier recedes

Answer 51

it randomly deposits the rocks that were frozen in the ice (unsorted)

Question 52

glaciers bring/deposit...

Answer 52

transported soils.

Question 53

the way that glaciers deposit the sediments creates a

Answer 53

unique landscape which we will discuss later in the unit.

Question 54

barrier island

Answer 54

small islands that form above the high tide water line due to the long shore current.

Question 55

example of a barrier island

Answer 55

Outer Banks of North Carolina | Galveston, Texas

Question 56

plain

Answer 56

low elevation, sedimentary rocks

Question 57

plateau

Answer 57

medium elevation, sedimentary rocks

Question 58

mountains

Answer 58

high elevation, metamorphic rocks

Question 59

Rivers

Answer 59

carve V-shaped valleys

Question 60

Glaciers

Answer 60

carve U-shaped valleys

Question 61

humid climates create

Answer 61

rounded hills

Question 62

watershed is

Answer 62

all land that drains to a specific location like a river or lake

Question 63

which watershed do you live in?

Answer 63

Genesee River water shed

Question 64

Why is important to protect our watershed

Answer 64

anything we do on land effects our streams and our lakes.

Question 65

dendritic

Answer 65

flat gentle sloping areas (like our area)

Question 66

trellis

Answer 66

areas of foldfol mountains

Question 67

radial

Answer 67

areas of domes such as a volcanoe

Question 68

annular

Answer 68

mountain regions