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Caitrin's earth science weathering, erosion, deposition, and landscapes > weathering, erosion, deposition, and landscapes > Flashcards

weathering, erosion, deposition, and landscapes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

pysical weathering

A

the breakdown of rock without changing its chemical composition

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2
Q

frost action

A

when water freezes its expands, so when water freezes and a crack in a rock gets bigger, this is how pot holes form.

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3
Q

biological action

A

animals and plantroots break rock apart

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4
Q

abrasion

A

when sediments in a river bump into each other causing sediments to be round smooth

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5
Q

chemical weathering

A

the breakdown of rock while changing the chemical composition

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6
Q

oxidation

A

when iron minerals in a rock interact with the oxygen in the air it often causes rust

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7
Q

hydration

A

when minerals in a rock interact with the hydrosphere sometimes mineral can dissolve forming caves, caverns, or sink holes

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8
Q

mineral composition

A

harder minerals weather slower than softer minerals

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9
Q

particle size

A

the smaller the particles the faster they weather

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10
Q

climate

A

temperature: warmer temperatures cause a faster weathering rate.

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11
Q

chemical weathering

A

occurs more in warm, humid climates

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12
Q

A horizon

A

topsoil-high organic content and weathered bedrock

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13
Q

B horizon

A

-partially weathered bedrock with some organic material

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14
Q

C horizon

A

partially/slightly weathered rock

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15
Q

bedrock

A

parent material-the solid rock under the soil

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16
Q

the two components of soil

A

weathered bedrock and organic material (humus)

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17
Q

the difference between transported soil and residual soil

A

residual soil forms from the rocks below

transported soil was brought throughout the area by an agent of erosion

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18
Q

erosion

A

the removal of sediment

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19
Q

the four natural agents of erosion are:

A

water, glaciers, wind, gravity

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20
Q

gravity causes

A

mass movements (pulling rocks and sediments downhill)

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21
Q

examples of mass movements include:

A

landslides, soil creep, mud flows and mudslides, rock falls, debris falls, avalanches

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22
Q

rocks eroded by gravity appear

A

jagged and broken

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23
Q

deflation occurs when

A

wind carries away loose sediments and lowers the earth’s surface (this is a problem on farmland)

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24
Q

sandblasting

A

occurs when winds blow sand or silt against other rocks causing the surface of the rock to appear pitted.

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25
Q

as a glacier moves over land…

A

loose rocks and sediments freeze within the ice.

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26
Q

rocks within a glacier help the glacier to scratch and carve out the land below producing …

A

glacial grooves and parrallel scratches on the rocks called striations.

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27
Q

Glacial grooves show…

A

the direction that the glacier moved.

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28
Q

glacial rocks appear

A

sub-rounded (boat shaped) and or scratched.

29
Q

because waves strike the shore at an angle, the water near shore is pushed in one direction along the shore causing…

A

longshore current

30
Q

streams as agents of erosion carry sediments

A 
In solution (suspension) = floating.
by rolling, sliding, or bouncing along the bottom.
These sediments appear rounded.
31
Q

youthful swift flowing streams

A

begin in higher elevations, narrow channels, are fairly straight. Waterfalls and rapids are common.

32
Q

mature streams begin to

A

erode outwards and become wider, current decreases, and curves in the river called meanders form.

33
Q

flood plain

A

where sediments are deposited during a flood

34
Q

old age

A

wide, slow moving river with more deposition than erosion, lots of meanders and oxbow lakes.

35
Q

oxbow lake

A

a cutoff meanderer forms a lake

36
Q

cutbank

A

when the bank of the stream errodes at a meander

37
Q

sandbar

A

when deposition occurs along the inside bank of the meander

38
Q

discharge

A

the volume (amount of water) the stream carries over time.

39
Q

gradient

A

the slope of the land (how steep or flat the land is)

40
Q

stream channel shape

A

wide, flat streams have slow moving water whereas narrow streams have fast moving water.

41
Q

deposition

A

leaving behind of sediments

42
Q

density

A

sediments with greater density are deposited first

43
Q

size and change in velocity

A

as velocity decreases, larger sediments are deposited first.

44
Q

shape of sediment

A

round sediments are deposited before flat ones

45
Q

horizontal sorting

A

due to changes in gradient, discharge, velocity, or a combination of these

46
Q

delta

A

occurs when a stream enters a quiet body of water

47
Q

delta has fingerlake deposits of…

A

fresh, new sediment that has been transported down the stream.

48
Q

vertical sorting

A

within the river or at the mouth of the river– the sediments deposit vertically due to changes in gradient, discharge, velocity, or a combination of these

49
Q

sand dune

A

erosion on windward side (windy) and deposition on leeward (calm) side–sand dune is constantly migrating (moving) (think snow drifts)

50
Q

tallus

A

a pile of rock debris due to rock falls

51
Q

as a glacier recedes

A

it randomly deposits the rocks that were frozen in the ice (unsorted)

52
Q

glaciers bring/deposit…

A

transported soils.

53
Q

the way that glaciers deposit the sediments creates a

A

unique landscape which we will discuss later in the unit.

54
Q

barrier island

A

small islands that form above the high tide water line due to the long shore current.

55
Q

example of a barrier island

A

Outer Banks of North Carolina

Galveston, Texas

56
Q

plain

A

low elevation, sedimentary rocks

57
Q

plateau

A

medium elevation, sedimentary rocks

58
Q

mountains

A

high elevation, metamorphic rocks

59
Q

Rivers

A

carve V-shaped valleys

60
Q

Glaciers

A

carve U-shaped valleys

61
Q

humid climates create

A

rounded hills

62
Q

watershed is

A

all land that drains to a specific location like a river or lake

63
Q

which watershed do you live in?

A

Genesee River water shed

64
Q

Why is important to protect our watershed

A

anything we do on land effects our streams and our lakes.

65
Q

dendritic

A

flat gentle sloping areas (like our area)

66
Q

trellis

A

areas of foldfol mountains

67
Q

radial

A

areas of domes such as a volcanoe

68
Q

annular

A

mountain regions

Caitrin's earth science weathering, erosion, deposition, and landscapes (1 decks)

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