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Earth Science > Weathering, Erosion And Deposition > Flashcards

Weathering, Erosion And Deposition Flashcards

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0
Q

Chemical weathering

A
  • Changes the kind of material.
  • reactions occur on the surface
  • water is required
  • hotter=faster
  • fastest chemical weathering occurs in warm/moist climates
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1
Q

Weathering

A

The breaking up of rock from large particles to smaller particles.

A.) this increases surface area of the rock which speeds the rate of chemical weathering

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2
Q

Oxidation

A

When iron combines with oxygen to make rust.

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3
Q

Hydration

A

Minerals in rocks combine with water.

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4
Q

Carbonation

A

When rocks react with carbonic acid.

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5
Q

Frost action

A

Water gets into cracks- freezes - expands - enlarges the crack. Requires alternating freeze-thaw cycles

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6
Q

Wave action

A

Waves pounding against rocks- sand and rocks in the waves help to break up the shorline

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7
Q

Stream abrasion

A

The rounding and smoothing of rocks as they tumble in a stream. The rocks downcut the steams V-shaped channel as they roll along

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8
Q

Wind abrasion

A

Important in dry climates. The wind picks up sand and blows it against rocks causing pitting. (Sandblasted appearance)

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9
Q

Root wedging

A

Plant roots grow into cracks In rock and split them

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10
Q

Physical weathering

A

The breakdown of rock into smaller pieces without a chemical change.

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11
Q

Erosion

A

Process where particles are transported as sediment.

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12
Q

Agents of erosion.

A

Forces that are set in motion by gravity that causes sediments to move.

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13
Q

Examples of Agents of Erosion

A
  • streams
  • waves
  • glaciers
  • wind
  • mass movement
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14
Q

Gravity

A

Direct role
•force behind most agents of erosion
•causes rivers to flow, ice to move, and rocks to slide.

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15
Q

The sun

A

Indirect role
•drives the water cycle which produces rain and ice
•fuels winds and drives ocean currents

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16
Q

Deposition

A

Process by which sediments are released from an erosional system

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17
Q

Size of sediments

A

Larger sediments will settle faster

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18
Q

Shape of sediments

A

Rounder sediments settle faster and flatter sediments will take longer

19
Q

Density of sediments

A

More sense sediment will settle faster

20
Q

Sorted sediment

A

Layers of sediment that are similar in size, shape or density.

Ex: deposition from a steam

21
Q

Unsorted sediment

A

Layers of sediment that are mixed in size, shape or density.

Ex: deposition from a glacier

22
Q

Abrasion

A

Occurs when rock particles grind against rock.

23
Q

Infiltration

A

The process which water goes into soil or rock

24
Q

Porosity

A

Amount of pour space in soil.

25
Q

Humus

A

Part of soil that serves as a source of plant nutrients

26
Q

Capillarity

A

Water stored in small openings from the zone of saturation

27
Q

Permeability

A

To allow Fluids to pass through soils

28
Q

Impermeable

A

Not allow fluids to pass through

29
Q

Glacial grooves

A

Long parallel scratches formed by sediment embedded in a glacier that has passed over the surface

30
Q

Kettle lake

A

Depression left in the ground that is filled with glacial melt water

31
Q

Outwash plain

A

Broad glacial feature of smaller sediment carried from melting water of a retreating glacier l

32
Q

Deflation

A

Wind blows away loose sediment lowering the land surface until there is no more lose sediment to erode

33
Q

Horizontal sorting

A

When the velocity of wind or water decreases the size roundness and density decrease as u move farther out

34
Q

Vertical sorting

A

Larger or more dense sediments settle to the bottom. Followed by decreasing size and density

35
Q

Continental glacier

A

Huge sheets of ice that cover entire land masses

36
Q

Valley glacier

A

Glaciers that form in high elevations in mountain valleys

37
Q

U-shaped valleys

A

Shape of the valley walls from glacial erosion

38
Q

Erratics

A

Large deposited fragments that can be transported hundreds of miles inside or on top of the glacier

39
Q

Drumlins

A

Streamlined oval shaped mounds of Unsorted sediment

40
Q

Eskers

A

A long winding ridge of Sand and gravel

41
Q

Terminal moraines

A

A mound of till deposited along the leading edge of a glacier

42
Q

Windward side has what kind of slope?

A

Gentle slope

43
Q

Leeward side has what kind of slope?

A

Steep slope

44
Q

Long shore current

A

Ocean current that flows parallel and close to the shore

45
Q

Mass movement

A

The pulling of rock and sediment downhill by the force of gravity

Earth Science (1 decks)

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