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CS 201 - Soil Survey Classification and Land Use > WEATHERING AND SOIL FORMATION > Flashcards

WEATHERING AND SOIL FORMATION Flashcards

1
Q

Serves as building blocks of rocks

A

Minerals

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2
Q

A naturally occurring inorganic substance with more or less definite chemical composition and specific physical properties

A

Minerals

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3
Q

study of minerals and their properties.

A

Mineralogy

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4
Q

Persist in the soil in their original state due to high resistance to decomposition. They are chief sources of sand and silt fractions of soils

A

Primary Minerals

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5
Q

Arise from the chemical breakdown of the least resistant primary minerals. Contributes the clay fraction to the soil.

A

Secondary Minerals

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6
Q

a predominantly parent material of this substance is expected to give rise to sandy soils; does not contribute to soil fertility because of its main composition of SiO2.

A

Quartz

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7
Q

contributes Potassium (K) upon weathering

A

Orthoclase

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8
Q

Contributes Sodium (Na) upon weathering

A

Sodium-plagioclase

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9
Q

Contributes Calcium (Ca) upon weathering

A

Calcium-plagioclase

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10
Q

It is a carbonate mineral and the most stable polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). It is a very common mineral, particularly as component of limestone

A

Calcite

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11
Q

an anhydrous carbonate mineral composed of calcium magnesium carbonate, ideally CaMg(CO3)2.

A

Dolomite

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12
Q

isa soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO4·2H2O. It is widely mined and is used as a fertilizer and as the main constituent in many forms of plaster, blackboard or sidewalk chalk, and drywall.

A

Gypsum

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13
Q

a sedimentary rock composed principally of calcite or the double carbonate of calcium and magnesium (dolomite). It is commonly composed of tiny fossils, shell fragments and other fossilized debris.

A

Limestone

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14
Q

isan iron ore consisting of a mixture of hydrated iron(III) oxide-hydroxides in varying composition.

A

Limonite

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15
Q

heavy and relatively hard oxide mineral, ferric oxide (Fe2O3), that constitutes the most important iron ore because of its high iron content (70%) and its abundance.

A

Hematite

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16
Q

is one of the mineral forms of aluminium hydroxide.

17
Q

isa layered silicate clay mineral which forms from the chemical weathering of feldspar or other aluminum silicate minerals.(1:1 non expanding clay)

18
Q

ahydrousphyllosilicatemineralwhich undergoes significant expansion when heated. (2:1 limited expanding clays)

A

Vermiculite

19
Q

Illite type clays are formed from weathering of K and Al rich rocks under high pH conditions.(2:1 non expanding clay)

20
Q

is the main constituent of bentonite, derived by weathering of volcanic ash. (2:1 expanding clay)

A

Montmorillonite

21
Q

study of rocks

22
Q

A natural substance composed of solid crystals of different minerals that have been fused together. Aggregates of minerals

23
Q

Original rocks formed from the solidification of magma at temperature 900oC to 1600oC within or outside the earth’s crust.

A

IGNEOUS ROCKS

24
Q

2 Modes of Rock Formation

A

Extrusive and Intrusive Formation

25
Q

Mode of Rock Formation

  • Magma is ejected out of the earth’s crust through volcanic eruption and solidifies on the surface.
  • Abrupt cooling of magma and less time for crystal growth.
  • The rock formed is fine-grained
A

Extrusive Formation

26
Q

Mode of Rock Formation

  • Magma solidifies within the earth’s surface.
  • Slow cooling of magma due to high temperature and more time for crystal growth.
  • The rock formed is coarse-grained
A

Intrusive Formation

27
Q

Formed from other existing rocks through process of remelting and recrystalization under very high temperature and pressure.

A

METAMORPHIC ROCKS

28
Q

Formed from other existing rocks through fragmentation, transport and recementation.

A

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

29
Q

Examples of Igneous Rocks

A
  • Granite
  • Diorite
  • Gabbro
  • Basalt
  • Obsidian
30
Q

Examples of Metamorphic Rock

A
  • Gneiss
  • Schist
  • Quartzite
  • Slate
  • Marble
31
Q

Examples of Sedimentary Rocks

A
  • Limestone
  • Dolomite
  • Sandstone
  • Shale
32
Q

It is the breaking down or deterioration of rocks, soils and minerals as well as wood and artificial materials through contact with water, atmospheric gases, and biological organisms.

A

Weathering

33
Q

Types of Weathering

Breaking up of rocks and minerals into smaller pieces without any drastic alteration of their chemical composition

A

Physical Weathering

34
Q

Types of Weathering

Change in the chemical structure and composition of rocks and minerals which results into simpler products.

A

CHEMICAL WEATHERING

35
Q

Factors of Soil Formation

A
  1. Climate
  2. Living Organism
  3. Relief or Topographt
  4. Parent Material
  5. Time

CS 201 - Soil Survey Classification and Land Use (7 decks)

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