Weathering and Soil

Question 1

occurs when physical forces break rock into smaller and smaller pieces without changing the rock’s mineral composition.

Answer 1

Weathering

Question 2

The mechanical breakup of rock caused by the expansion of freezing water in cracks and crevices

Answer 2

Frost wedging

Question 3

Reduced pressure on igneous rock causes it to expand

Answer 3

Unloading

Question 4

Allows slabs of outer rock to break off in layers

Answer 4

Exfoliation

Question 5

Transformation of rock into one or more new compounds.

Answer 5

Chemical Weathering

Question 6

Promotes chemical weathering by absorbing gases from the atmosphere and the ground.

Answer 6

Water

Question 7

Granite exposed to water containing carbonic acid

Answer 7

Converts the feldspar to clay.

Question 8

Mechanical weathering accelerates chemical weathering

Answer 8

When the rocks are broken into smaller pieces

Question 9

Affecting the rate of weathering

Answer 9

Rock characteristics
Mineral composition, solubility, physical features

Question 10

Affecting the rate of weathering

Answer 10

Climate
Temperature and moisture are the most crucial factors.

Question 11

Most effective in areas with high temperatures and abundant moisture.

Answer 11

Chemical Weathering

Question 12

Part of the regolith that supports the growth of plants.

Answer 12

Soil

Question 13

The layer of rock and mineral fragments that covers most of Earth’s land surface.

Answer 13

Regolith

Question 14

Soil has four major components

Answer 14

Mineral matter (45%), or broken-down rock; humus (5%), which is the decayed remains of organisms; water (25%); and air(25%).

Question 15

The proportions of different particle/soil sizes.
Sand, Silt, Clay

Answer 15

Soil Texture

Question 16

a mixture of all three sizes and is best suited for plant life.

Answer 16

Loam

Question 17

Soil get its structure when

Answer 17

Soil particles clump together

Question 18

Earth’s external energy is mostly _________________, which drives weather, waves, the water cycle, the biosphere and geosphere.

Answer 18

Sunlight

Question 19

Occurs when organisms such as plants, burrowing animals, and humans cause weathering.

Answer 19

Biological Activity

Question 20

Parent material that forms on the
bedrock

Answer 20

Residual Soil

Question 21

The hard, solid area of rock in the ground that supports the earth above it

Answer 21

Bedrock

Question 22

Parent material has been carried from elsewhere and deposited.

Answer 22

Transported Soil

Question 23

The longer a soil has been forming the thicker it becomes.

Answer 23

Time affects Soil formation

Question 24

The greatest effort on soil formation.

Answer 24

Climate- Temperature and Precipitation

Question 25

________________ have poorly developed soils. Most effective ________________ are flat to wavy surface orientations. Direction the ____________ is facing influences soil formation

Answer 25

Steep slope, slope, slope

Question 25

Influences physical and chemical properties of soil my providing organic matter.

Answer 25

Organisms

Question 25

zones or layers of soil

Answer 25

Soil Horizon

Question 26

a vertical section through all the soil horizons

Answer 26

Soil Profile

Question 26

know as topsoil

Answer 26

A Horizon

Question 27

Subsoil and contains clay particles washed out from the A horizon.

Answer 27

B Horizon

Question 28

between B horizon and unaltered parent material.

Answer 28

C Horizon

Question 29

Type of soil best developed under forest vegetation. Accumulation of iron oxides and aluminum-rich clays in the B horizon

Answer 29

Pedalfer

Question 30

Type of soil associated with drier grasslands and accumulates calcium carbonate

Answer 30

Pedocal

Question 31

Type of Soil in hot, wet, tropical climates and experience intense chemical weathering.

Answer 31

Laterite

Question 32

caused by water and wind

Answer 32

Soil Erosion

Question 33

Human activity accelerates the rate soil erodes due to

Answer 33

removed natural vegetation, such as farming, logging, and construction

Question 34

Way to Control Soil Erosion

Answer 34

Planting rows of trees called windbreaks Terracing hillsides Plowing along the contours of hills Rotating crops

Question 35

When soil is deposited

Answer 35

If fills water Reservoirs and it contaminated with pesticides and fertilizers.