Weathering and Rivers Flashcards

(32 cards)

1
Q

What is Igneous rock?

A

Rock formed from Magma, e.g. Granite or Basalt.

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2
Q

What is Segmentary rock?

A

Rock formed from particles of other rocks or dead sea creatures, e.g. Chalk.

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3
Q

What is Metamorphic rock?

A

Rock formed from other rocks under extreme heat or pressure, e.g. Marble.

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4
Q

What is Weathering?

A

The breakdown of rocks by elements of the weather, animals and plants without movement.

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5
Q

What is Erosion?

A

The wearing away of the earth’s surface by agents of erosion.

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6
Q

What is Physical Weathering?

A

The disintegration of rocks into smaller parts through weathering processes.

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7
Q

What is Freeze - Thaw action?

A

Repeated temperature changes above freezing leads to the freezing and expansion of water in cracks It’s thawing eventually shattering rocks (to produce Scree).

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8
Q

What is Onion Skin Weathering?

A

Hearing and cooling in hot climates leads to expansion and contraction of outer layers of rocks, leading to these layers peeling off.

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9
Q

What is Chemical Weathering?

A

Rocks dissolving or having a chemical change in the composition.

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10
Q

What is Acid Rain?

A

Carbon dioxide from natural and human sources in the atmosphere makes precipitation acidic and this dissolves certain rocks (limestone) in warm, most conditions.

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11
Q

What is Biological Weathering?

A

The action of plants (roots, seeds growing in cracks) and animals (burrowing) in breaking down rocks.

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12
Q

What is Transportation?

A

The removal of weathered or eroded material (load) by an agent of erosion such as a river.

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13
Q

What is Deposition?

A

When load is dropped by an agent of erosion.

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14
Q

What is the Hydraulic Cycle?

A

The constant recycling and changing of state of water in the atmosphere, seas, in and on the ground.

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15
Q

What is Evaporation?

A

When heat changes water liquid (from seas, rivers, mattresses etc.) into water vapour (gas) in the atmosphere.

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16
Q

What is Transpiration?

A

The lots of water liquid from vegetation due to heat turning into water vapour.

17
Q

What is Condensation?

A

The cooling of water vapour into liquid.

18
Q

What is Precipitation?

A

Any form of water falling from the sky, e.g. rain, snow, hail etc.).

19
Q

What is Infiltration?

A

Water entering the ground soaking into the soil.

20
Q

What is Percolation?

A

Water moving deep down through the soil into the rocks.

21
Q

What is Throughflow?

A

Water travelling​ downhill through the soil layer.

22
Q

What is the Water Table?

A

The you level of groundwater, beneath this level the rock is saturated.

23
Q

What is Groundwater?

A

Water held deep in the rock of an area.

24
Q

What is Surface Runoff?

A

Water that remains in the surface and travels in rivers, stems etc..

25
What is a Drainage Basin?
An area of land drained by a river and its tributaries, someone's called a catchment area.
26
What is Watershed?
High ground that surrounds the drainage basin and separates basins
27
What is a Source?
The point from which a river starts flowing, e.g. spring, marsh.
28
What is a Confluence?
Where to rivers meet.
29
What is a Mouth?
Where a river ends and enters a sea or lake.
30
What is a Tributary?
Small feeder streams or rivers that feed into large streams.
31
What is the Upper Course?
Where rivers start from the source and flow through V-shaped valleys in between interlocking spurs in highland areas, steeper gradients and erosion.
32
What is the Middle Course?
Where a river flows in a wider valley with flood plains and begins to meander as the gradient flattens.