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GEO 101 Exam 2 & 3 > Weathering > Flashcards

Weathering Flashcards

1
Q

What is weathering?

A

Physical breakdown & chemical alteration of rock at Earth’s surface

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2
Q

What is parent material?

A

Rock being weathered

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3
Q

What is mass wasting?

A

Transfer of rock & soil downslope under gravity’s influence

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4
Q

What is erosion?

A

Physical removal of material by water, wind, ice, or gravity

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5
Q

What is soil?

A

Altered weather minerals

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6
Q

What are examples of differential weathering & erosion?

A

Arches National Park (UT), Monument Valley (AZ)

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7
Q

What are the two main types of weathering?

A

Mechanical weathering & Chemical weathering

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8
Q

What is mechanical weathering?

A

Breaking of rocks into smaller pieces

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9
Q

What are the types of mechanical weathering?

A

Frost wedging
Unloading (pressure release)
Thermal expansion (daily variation)
Biological activity

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10
Q

What is frost wedging?

A

Expansion due to freezing (results in Talus)

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11
Q

What is unloading?

A

Erosion & removal of material releases pressure on rock > expands and cracks

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12
Q

What is biological activity?

A

Burrows, roots, fracturing

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13
Q

What is chemical weathering?

A

Breaks down rock components & internal structures of minerals

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14
Q

What are the major processes of chemical weathering?

A

Dissolution
Oxidization
Hydrolysis

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15
Q

What is dissolution?

A

Aided by small amounts of acid in water
Dissolves solids

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16
Q

What is oxidization?

A

Electrons lost from one element
Interaction with oxygen (rust)

17
Q

What is hydrolysis?

A

Hydrogen ion attacks & replaces other ions

18
Q

What are the 4 major factors of weathering?

A

Surface area
Rock characteristics
Climate
Differential weathering

19
Q

What are the 5 soil forming factors?

A

Parent material
Time
Climate
Plants & animals
Topography

20
Q

What is the soil profile?

A

O horizon
A horizon
E horizon
B horizon
C horizon

21
Q

What are some soil conservation practices?

A

Terracing
Strip-cropping
Crop rotation
Contour plowing
No-till planting
Windbreaks

GEO 101 Exam 2 & 3 (6 decks)

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