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EARTH SCIENCE > Weathering > Flashcards

Weathering Flashcards

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1
Q

Processes that occur within the surface of the earth such as weathering, erosion, volcanism, deposition, and mass wasting

A

Exogenic Processes

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2
Q

physical breakdown and chemical alteration of rocks and minerals at or near the earth’s surface

A

Weathering

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3
Q

agents of weathering

A

water, ice, acids, salt, plants, animals, temperature

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4
Q

types of weathering

A

mechanical, chemical, and biological

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5
Q

physical breakdown of a material without altering its chemical composition

A

mechanical weathering

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6
Q

when water accumulates in the crack and the ice freezes and breaks the rock apart

A

frost wedging

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7
Q

breakdown of rocks caused by impact and friction

A

abrasion

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8
Q

rocks have been shaped by blowing wind and sand

A

wind abrasion

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9
Q

water breaks into pieces from tumbling rocks

A

water abrasion

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10
Q

a process in which large flat or curved sheets of rock fracture and are detached from the outcrop due to pressure release

A

exfoliation

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11
Q

roots grow causing penetration into the crack, and break the rock

A

organic activity

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12
Q

human construction, mining, agricultural deforestation activities

A

biological activity

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13
Q

occurs in specific minerals which are dissolved in water. ex. Halite (NaCl) and Calcite (CaCO3). the formation of stalactites and stalagmites in caves are brought about by this chemical reaction

A

dissolution

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14
Q

rock-forming minerals like amphibole, pyroxene, and feldspar react with water and form different kinds of clay minerals

A

hydrolysis

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15
Q

causes rock to rust, or break down its layers

A

oxidation

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16
Q

factors of weathering

A

R - rock type
R - rock structure
T - topography
T - time
C - climate

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17
Q

moving broken material

A

erosion

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18
Q

material deposited in a new spot

A

deposition

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19
Q

wind, rain, and freezing break up rock

A

weathering

20
Q

the movement of rocks and sediment from one place to another

A

erosion

21
Q

agents of erosion

A

water, wind, ice, gravity

22
Q

the wind picks up small pieces of rock fragments and carries them along until they reach an obstacle

A

wind erosion

23
Q

a large body of moving ice that is caused by erosion

A

glacier

24
Q

when a pile of rock falls down the side of the mountain as a single block

A

landslide

25
Q

the cause of mountain peaks, valleys, and coastlines

A

erosion

26
Q

when the water stops moving, when the wind stops blowing, when the glacier melts, when the rock has been dropped in a new location

A

deposition

27
Q

when a river meets the ocean

A

mouth of the river

28
Q

the land formed after soil gets carried by a river that is deposited at the mouth.

A

delta - water deposition

29
Q

large deposits of sand caused by deposition that also shifts frequently

A

sand dunes

30
Q

rocks and soil left behind by a melting glacier

A

moraine

31
Q

downhill movement of earth’s material caused by gravity

A

mass wasting

32
Q

most destructive. rock/soil slides quickly down steep slope

A

landslide

33
Q

rapid movement of water, rock, soil

A

mudflow

34
Q

a wedge of soil falling rather than a rock

A

slump

35
Q

slow movement of soil down a slope

A

creep

36
Q

contribute to mechanical weathering and describes all downhill movements of weathering material (also known as a landslide)

A

mass wasting

37
Q

slope stability is determined by:

A

slope angle and strength of the underlying material

38
Q

fs

A

the shear or driving force

39
Q

fn

A

normal or resisting force

40
Q

the relationship between fs and fn is called

A

shear strength

41
Q

types of mass wasting

A

falls, rotational slides, translational, flows, and soil creep

42
Q

abrupt rock movement that DETACH from cliffs (rolling, bouncing)

A

falls

43
Q

SLOW MOVEMENT along a RUPTURED SURFACE

A

rotational slides

44
Q

RAPID MOVEMENT along a STABLE UNDERLYING MATERIAL (rock slides, debris slides, earth slides)

A

Translational

45
Q

loose material mixed with abundant water (debris & earth)

A

flows

46
Q

very very slow adjustment of soil and rocks that is hard to notice

A

soil creep

EARTH SCIENCE (6 decks)

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