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Earth Science Study Guides > Weather (Meteorology #2) Study Guide > Flashcards

Weather (Meteorology #2) Study Guide Flashcards

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1
Q

What are scientists who study weather called?

A

meteorologists

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2
Q

What is the measure of water vapor in the air?

A

humidity

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3
Q

Which air is the “bully” air?

A

Cold air

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4
Q

Why is cold air the “bully” air?

A

It is more dense than warm air.

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5
Q

Cold air is more dense so it usually ___.

A

sinks

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6
Q

Warm air is less dense so it usually ___.

A

rises

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7
Q

What is a huge body of air with similar temperature, humidity, and pressure?

A

air mass

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8
Q

How do scientists classify air masses?

A

Temperature and humidity

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9
Q

What is the term for a humid (wet) air mass?

A

Maritime

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10
Q

What is the term for a dry air mass?

A

Continental

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11
Q

What is the term for a warm air mass?

A

PTropical

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12
Q

What is the term for a cold air mass?

A

Polar

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13
Q

Which type of air mass forms over water?

A

Maritime

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14
Q

Which type of air mass forms over land?

A

Continental

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15
Q

How is the temperature of an air mass determined?

A

It takes the temperature of the region it forms over.

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16
Q

What is formed when two air masses meet and do not mix?

A

A front.

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17
Q

What are the four types of fronts?

A

Cold, warm, stationary, and occluded.

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18
Q

Which type of front is formed when a rapidly moving cold air mass runs into a slow moving warm air mass?

A

Cold front

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19
Q

Which type of front is formed when a moving warm air mass collides with a slowly moving cold air mass?

A

Warm front

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20
Q

Which type of front is formed when warm and cold air meet but neither one has enough force to move the other?

A

Stationary front

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21
Q

Which type of front is formed when a warm air mass is caught (cut off) between two cold air masses?

A

Occluded front

22
Q

Which type of front brings clouds, storms, and steady rain?

A

Warm front

23
Q

Which type of front brings severe thunderstorms?

A

Cold front

24
Q

Which type of front causes abrupt changes in weather?

A

Cold front

25
Q

Which type of front usually causes several days of precipitation?

A

Stationary front

26
Q

What is a swirling counter clockwise center of low air pressure?

A

Cyclone

27
Q

What is a swirling clockwise center of high air pressure?

A

Anticyclone

28
Q

What are the lines that join places on a map that have the same air pressure?

A

Isobars

29
Q

What are lines joining places on a map that have the same temperature?

A

Isotherms (remember, “therm” means heat)

30
Q

What is caused by sudden changes in the air pressure in our atmosphere?

A

Storms

31
Q

What happens to air pressure right before a storm?

A

It drops (decreases quickly)

32
Q

Which type of cloud forms thunderstorms?

A

Cumulonimbus

33
Q

How is thunder formed?

A

It is the explosion heard when rapidly heated air suddenly expands

34
Q

What is a rapidly whirling, funnel-shaped cloud that reaches down from a storm cloud to touch the Earth’s surface?

A

A tornado

35
Q

Which type of cloud develops tornadoes?

A

Cumulonimbus

36
Q

What is a tropical storm that has winds of 320 kilometers per hour (200 mph) or higher?

A

Hurricane

37
Q

How are hurricanes formed?

A

Begins over warm water as a low pressure area

38
Q

Where does a hurricane get its energy?

A

From warm, humid (wet) air

39
Q

What two things can cause a hurricane to lose its energy?

A

Moving overland or moving over cold water

40
Q

What is the calm part of the hurricane that’s located in the center?

A

The eye

41
Q

What is the condition of Earth’s atmosphere at a particular time and place?

A

Weather

42
Q

What are the average weather conditions in a particular area over a long period of time?

A

Climate

43
Q

What two main factors determine a region’s climate?

A

Temperature and precipitation

44
Q

What factors affect a region’s temperature?

A

Latitude, altitude, distance from water, & ocean currents

45
Q

The closer to the equator, the ___ a climate will be.

A

Warmer

46
Q

The higher the altitude, the ___ a climate will be.

A

Cooler

47
Q

How does a region’s proximity (how close it is) to water affect its climate?

A

Because water holds its temperature - a region closer to water will have a milder climate than regions inland

48
Q

Why is our Earth heated unequally?

A

Because the Earth is tilted

49
Q

Which part of our earth receives the most direct sunlight?

A

The equator; tropical zone

50
Q

Which part of our Earth receives the least amount of direct sunlight?

A

The poles; polar zones

51
Q

Which climate zone do we live in?

A

The temperate zone

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