weather hazrads and climate change

Question 1

what is the global atmospheric circulation model?

Answer 1

large scale movement of air by which heat is distributed on the surface of the earth

Question 2

explain the global atmospheric circulation model!

Answer 2

Hadley Cell: Largest cell which extends from the equator to between 30* to 40* north and south.

Ferrel Cell: middle cell where air flows poleward between 60* and 70* latitude

Polar Cell: smallest and weakest cells that occurs from the poles to the ferrel cell.

Question 3

whats the weather like at the equator in tropical rainforests? what cell does this fall into?

Answer 3

Hadley cell:
at equator air is rising so forms low pressure
this means its hot and wet at the equator because the low pressure means cloud and rain
and the winds move towards low pressure.

Question 4

whats the weather like 30* N & S of the equator (desert) what cell does it fall into?

Answer 4

Hadley Cell:
at 30* north and south the air is sinking so high pressure
sinking air is dry, little clouds and rainfall.
hot in day cold at night.

Question 5

whats the uk weather like at 30-60 North?

what cell does this fall into?

Answer 5

Ferrel cell:
rising air so low pressure
boundary is unstable so air rises, condenses and forms cloud and rain.
making it wet and windy in the uk

Question 6

whats the weather like between 60-90 N and S?

what cell does this fall into?

Answer 6

polar cell:
sinking air so high pressure
skies are clear and dry weather although cold

Question 7

describe the distribution of tropical storms

Answer 7

form over warm oceans above 27*
5-15 north and south of the equator. this is where intense heat causes air to rise rapidly and the unstable conditions can cause tropical storms

Question 8

what is the cause of a tropical storm

Answer 8

sea 27* or higher
warm air above the sea rises and evaporates
when the evaporated air cools forms towering thunder clouds
as the air condenses it releases heat which powers storm and draws up more water.
rising air creates low pressure so wind rushes to eye
all thunder storms join and goes across se getting stronger and stronger until hits land

Question 9

tropical storm case study?

Answer 9

Typhoon Haiyan

Question 10

primary effects of Typhoon Haiyan?

Answer 10

6300 people killed
6000,000 homeless
40,000 homes damaged

Question 11

secondary effects of Typhoon Haiyan?

Answer 11

looting in tacloban
jobs lost
ferry services distrupted

Question 12

when was typhoon haiyan

Answer 12

2013

Question 13

name short term responses to typhoon haiyan

Answer 13

uk gov sent shelter kits

USA and Uk sent helicopters, ships delivered aid to remote areas

Question 14

name long term responses to typhoon haiyan

Answer 14

education on preparing for typhoons

in gave 120m aid

Question 15

how are tropical storms affected by global warming

Answer 15

storms are likely to affect a larger area as seas get hotter- hurricane catrina was first recorded in that area

the intensity will increase looking back at records

Question 16

what does protection for tropical storms involve?

Answer 16

construction products that provide protection

Question 17

what does planning for tropical storms involve?

Answer 17

getting people ready to deal with impacts and emergency services.

Question 18

what is the case study of extreme weather in uk

Answer 18

somerset levels

Question 19

what was the cause of the somerset levels?

Answer 19

wetest jan on record and rivers had not been dredged in 20 years so became clogged with sediment

Question 20

name a social Impact due to the somerset levels

Answer 20

residents evacuated to temp accommodation for several months

Question 21

name 2 economic Impacts due to the somerset levels

Answer 21

somerset county council estimated cost to be £10 million

14000 hectars of land of agricultural land under water for a month

Question 22

name enviromental Impacts due to the somerset levels

Answer 22

floodwaters contaminated with sewage and other chemicals

habitats damaged

Question 23

give a uk example on how weather is becoming more extreme

Answer 23

between nov-dec 2010 uk had a long period of heavy snow

Question 24

name 3 management strategies to reduce risk from weather hazards

Answer 24

warning systems give people time to evacuate
prepare emergency services
get individuals to prepare

Question 25

give three pieces of evidence for climate change

Answer 25

global temps have increased by more than 0.6*C

many of the worlds glaciers and ice sheets are melting- the artic sea ice has declined by 10% in 30 years

global sea level has increased by 10-20cms in 30years due to additional water.

Question 26

give examples of natural causes of climate change

Answer 26

volcanic activity-greenhouse gases capyure heat
solar output from sun
orbital changes-how close we are to the sun

Question 27

give example of human causes of climate change

Answer 27

by burning fossil fuels we are releasing more co2 into the atmosphere and adding to the natural greenhouse gases- greenhouse effect

farming livestock produces lots of meathane-greenhouse gases and rice patties

cutting down trees means that less co2 is absorbed from the atmosphere

production of cement which contains carbon produces c02

Question 28

name economic impacts of of climate change

Answer 28

agriculture- farming areas loose lot of money because crops don’t grow
tourists don’t visit areas

Question 29

name social impacts of of climate change

Answer 29

urban and rural poor rely on surroundings to survive and can cause them to be forced out of areas.

spread of disease
death increased
lower crop yield

Question 30

name environmental impacts of climate change

Answer 30

biggest impact:
sea ice shrinking so loss of polar habitats
precipitation patterns lead to drought in areas that normally wouldn’t have it
rising sea levels mean low lying land like Maldives will be flooded regualay
costal ersosion increase so habitats lost
coral reefs suffering from bleaching due to increasing sea temps

Question 31

what do mitigation stratigies aim to do?

Answer 31

reduce causes of climate change

Question 32

name 4 stratagies which could help reduce climate change

Answer 32

planting tree
alternative energy production
carbon capture
international agreements

Question 33

how does planting trees help reduce climate change?

Answer 33

increases the amount of co2 absorbed

Question 34

how does carbon capture help reduce climate change?

Answer 34

reduces emmissions from fossil fuel burning power stations by capturing co2 and transporting it to places where it can be stored safely

Question 35

how does alternative energy production

help reduce climate change?

Answer 35

replacing fossil fuels with nuclear power and renewable energy like wind farms

Question 36

how do international agreements help reduce climate change?

Answer 36

countries work together to moniter climate change

Question 37

what does adaptation mean in climate change?

Answer 37

responding to climate change by making changes

Question 38

give 3 examples of adapting to climate change

Answer 38

changing agricultural systems
managing water supply
coping with rising sea levels