Weather Hazards 3.4

Question 1

List the Classifications of Turbulence

Answer 1

WTFMWTF Mom/Meatloaf
W - Wind Shear-Jet Stream,Gusty Winds,Temp Inversion
T - Thermal - Convective, Worse closer to Surface
F - Frontal - Cold Front Only
M - Mechanical - wind over obstructions(Buildings)
M - Mountain Wave - +50kts at Peak EXTR & 150mi=Sev, 300mi=Mod.

Question 2

List the Intensities of Turbulence.

Answer 2

LMSE
L - Light - Slight erratic Changes
M - Moderate -Larger changes in Alt. Variance in A/s
S - Severe - Abrupt Changes in Alt and A/S, Momentarily out of control
E - Extreme- Violent Tossed, Structural Damage, Declare Emergency and Exit ASAP

Question 3

Define the Terms used to Report Turbulence with respect to Time.

Answer 3

OIC
O - Occasional - Less than 1/3
I - Intermittent - 1/2 to 2/3
C - Continuous - >2/3

Question 4

Describe how Thermal Turbulence Develops.

Answer 4

Results Vertical Air movement
Heating from Below
Solar Heating
Cold air moving over warmer Surface

Question 5

Describe how Mechanical Turbulence Develops.

Answer 5

Caused by passage of wind over obstructions- BLDs, Irregular terrain/MTN.
Strength and Magnitude depends on Wind Speed, Roughness of Terrain, Stability of Air.

Question 6

Describe the Cloud formations associated with Mountain Wave Turbulence.

Answer 6

• *Rotor Clouds - Form DW and parallel to Mtn Range. Cylindrical Shape, Downward flow to reach the Ground
• *Cap Clouds - Cover top of MTN, Remain Stationary
• *Lenticular Clouds - Form on Leeward Side of MTN from Standing Waves.

Question 7

Describe techniques for Flight in the Vicinity of Mountain Waves.

Answer 7

Circumnavigate
50% higher than Peak avoid Clouds
Approach at 45 angle
Avoid DownDrafts on Leeward Side
Avoid reliance on Pitot Static Press Alt.
Fly at Recommend Airspeed for Aircraft.

Question 8

Describe how Temperature Inversions are Examples of Wind Shear and Turbulence.

Answer 8

L

Question 9

Describe how Jet Streams are examples of Wind Shear Turbulence.

Answer 9

L

Question 10

Describe the recommended procedures for flying through Turbulence.

Answer 10

L

Question 11

Describe Structural Icing.

Answer 11

L

Question 12

State the requirements for the formation of Structural Icing.

Answer 12

L

Question 13

State the Temperature Range most conducive to Structural Icing

Answer 13

L

Question 14

Describe Icing Conditions associated with Fronts.

Answer 14

L

Question 15

Identify the Hazards of Aircraft Icing.

Answer 15

L

Question 16

Describe the types of Engine Icing.

Answer 16

L

Question 17

Describe Ground Icing Hazards.

Answer 17

L

Question 18

Identify the Procedures to minimize or avoid the affects of Icing.

Answer 18

L

Question 19

List the Intensities of Icing used in PIREPs

Answer 19

L

Question 20

List the Types of Icing used in PIREPs

Answer 20

L

Question 21

Define the Types of Visibility.

Answer 21

L

Question 22

Define Obscuring Phenomena.

Answer 22

L

Question 23

Describe the Sky coverage Terms the define a Ceiling.

Answer 23

L

Question 24

Describe the Parameters that Define Fog.

Answer 24

L

Question 25

State the requirements for Fog Formation.

Answer 25

L

Question 26

Describe the 2 Main Types of Fog.

Answer 26

L

Question 27

Describe the Aviation Hazards of Ash Clouds.

Answer 27

L